Smoking and stress in the general population in Denmark

Buhelt, Lone Prip; Pisinger, Charlotta; Andreasen, Anne Helms

doi:10.18332/tpc/132712

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The proportion of regular smokers in our data is lower than in the national Danish population: an estimated 17% of Danes smoke daily 29 . To address the non-representativeness of our sample, we include a re-weighted analysis that uses inverse probability weighting to match the shares of smokers and non-smokers observed in the national population, and the results do not change (Supplementary Table S3 ).…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 73%

Sustained decline in tobacco purchasing in Denmark during the COVID-19 pandemic

2022

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Background An estimated 8 million people die every year due to tobacco use. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the health consequences of smoking, which is a leading risk factor for more severe COVID-19 symptoms, hospitalization, and death. The pandemic has also led to reductions in physical activity, increases in stress and declines in mental well-being, all factors commonly associated with triggering higher tobacco use. Methods Using a longitudinal data set of purchasing behavior from 2019–2020 among a national sample of the Danish population (n = 4042), we estimate changes in tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis compares tobacco purchases prior to the pandemic to purchases during the pandemic, at the individual level. We also examine effects within subgroups based on smoking behavior in 2019 prior to the pandemic. We estimate effects for smokers and non-smokers and, within smokers, for occasional smokers and regular smokers. Results We find large, sustained decreases in tobacco purchases during COVID-19. We estimate that weekly tobacco purchase rates decline by 24% and average quantities decline by 12% during the period spanning the onset of the pandemic in March 2020 through the end of the year. The declines are driven by regular smokers with little change in behavior among nonsmokers and increases in purchases among occasional smokers. Among regular smokers, purchase rates decline by about 30%, tobacco purchases decline by about 20% and quitting rates increase by about 10 percentage points. Conclusions Our results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic could lead to sustained reductions in smoking.

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Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 73%

Sustained decline in tobacco purchasing in Denmark during the COVID-19 pandemic

2022

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“… 29 The variable was used to conduct a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the effect of the potential difference in smoking habits among persons with and without diabetes, on the development of Parkinson’s disease. 30 , 31 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic retinopathy as a potential marker of Parkinson’s disease: a register-based cohort study

Larsen

Thykjær

Pedersen

et al. 2021

Brain Communications

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Neurodegeneration is an early event in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, and an association between diabetic retinopathy and Parkinson’s disease has been proposed. In this nationwide register-based cohort study, we investigated the prevalence and incidence of Parkinson’s disease among patients screened for diabetic retinopathy in a Danish population-based cohort. Cases (n = 173 568) above 50 years of age with diabetes included in the Danish Registry of Diabetic Retinopathy between 2013 and 2018 were matched 1:5 by gender and birth year with a control population without diabetes (n = 843 781). At index date, the prevalence of Parkinson’s disease was compared between cases and controls. To assess the longitudinal relationship between diabetic retinopathy and Parkinson’s disease, a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was estimated. The prevalence of Parkinson’s disease was 0.28% and 0.44% among cases and controls, respectively. While diabetic retinopathy was not associated with present (adjusted odds ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.72–1.21) or incident Parkinson’s disease (adjusted hazard ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.56–1.05), cases with diabetes were in general less likely to have or to develop Parkinson’s disease compared to controls without diabetes (adjusted odds ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.71–0.87 and adjusted hazard ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.78–1.00). In a national cohort of more than 1 million persons, patients with diabetes were 21% and 12% were less likely to have prevalent and develop incident Parkinson’s disease, respectively, compared to an age- and gender-matched control population without diabetes. We found no indication for diabetic retinopathy as an independent risk factor for incident Parkinson’s disease.

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“…A cross-sectional study of 7,124 healthcare workers in 19 hospitals and health centers in Vietnam has confirmed that smoking was related to lower anxiety and depression likelihood during the COVID-19 pandemic (14). While other studies found that daily smoking contributed to extending influence on mental stress (33). Currently, smoking and its influence on females are still controversial (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

No Sex Differences in Psychological Burden and Health Behaviors of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders

Sun

Jiang

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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Background: Females with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) state-ordered home isolation were associated with higher anxiety and reduced sleep quality than males. Sex differences in psychobehavioral changes during the COVID-19 stay-at home orders among healthcare workers remained unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the sex differences in psychological burden and health behaviors among these persons.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using online data available in the open Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research (OPENICPSR). Healthcare workers including females and males who transitioned to working from home during the COVID-19 stay-at-home orders were included. Sex differences were compared using the chi-square test and Student's t-test. We performed logistic and linear regression analyses to determine the association of females with psychological burden and health behaviors.Results: A total of 537 respondents (425 females and 112 males) were enrolled in our study. Sex differences in age (42.1 ± 12.3 years vs. 46.6 ± 15.7 years, t = −2.821, p = 0.005), occupation (χ2 = 41.037, p < 0.001), mood change (n = 297, 69.9% vs. n = 61, 54.5%, χ2 = 9.482, p = 0.002), bedtime schedule (χ2 = 6.254, p = 0.044) and news consumption (n = 344, 80.9% vs. n = 76, 67.9%, χ2 = 8.905, p = 0.003) were statistically significant. Logistic regression showed that females was negatively associated with better mood status (OR = 0.586, 95% CI 0.153–2.247, p = 0.436). In addition, linear regression showed that females were not correlated with total sleep time after adjusting for sio-demographics, mental health outcomes and health behaviors (B = 0.038, 95% CI −0.313–0.388, p = 0.833).Conclusion: No sex differences in psychological burden and health behaviors of healthcare workers were found during the COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. The COVID-19 state-ordered home isolation may be a potential way to reduce disproportionate effects of COVID-19 pandemic on females and help to minimize sex differences in psychological burden and health behaviors among healthcare workers.

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Smoking and stress in the general population in Denmark

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Sustained decline in tobacco purchasing in Denmark during the COVID-19 pandemic

Sustained decline in tobacco purchasing in Denmark during the COVID-19 pandemic

Diabetic retinopathy as a potential marker of Parkinson’s disease: a register-based cohort study

No Sex Differences in Psychological Burden and Health Behaviors of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders

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