Smoking and Periodontal Disease

Kinane, Denis F.; Chestnutt, Ivor Gordon

doi:10.1177/10454411000110030501

Cited by 267 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…4 Numerous investigations of the relationship between smoking and periodontal disease have been performed over the last 17 years which provide substantial evidence for the detrimental effects of smoking on the periodontal tissues. 5 Smoking is associated with increased rates of alveolar bone loss, attachment loss and pocket formation; in addition it exerts a masking effect on gingival symptoms of inflammation. 6 The mechanisms by which smoking affects periodontal tissues appear to be mediated through defects in neutrophil function, impaired serum antibody responses to periodontal pathogens, diminished gingival fibroblast function and effects on vasculature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 The mechanisms by which smoking affects periodontal tissues appear to be mediated through defects in neutrophil function, impaired serum antibody responses to periodontal pathogens, diminished gingival fibroblast function and effects on vasculature. 5,7 The prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in former smokers is decreased compared to current smokers, providing evidence that smoking cessation appears to be beneficial. Furthermore, smokers predominate among 'refractory periodontitis' patients who are resistant to conventional treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoking cessation advice for patients with chronic periodontitis

et al. 2006

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking cessation advice for patients with chronic periodontitis

et al. 2006

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“…Smoking is associated with both periodontitis (23,24) and kidney disease (25,26) and may confound the relationship between these diseases. Nevertheless, fewer than 1% of adult Pima Indians smoke one pack or more of cigarettes per day.…”

Section: Conclusion -P E R I O D O N T I T I Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Periodontitis on Overt Nephropathy and End-Stage Renal Disease in Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2007

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OBJECTIVE -The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of periodontitis on development of overt nephropathy, defined as macroalbuminuria, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Individuals residing in the Gila River IndianCommunity aged Ն25 years with type 2 diabetes, one or more periodontal examination, estimated glomerular filtration rate Ն60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 , and no macroalbuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio Ն300 mg/g) were identified. Periodontitis was classified as none/ mild, moderate, severe, or edentulous using number of teeth and alveolar bone score. Subjects were followed to development of macroalbuminuria or ESRD, defined as onset of renal replacement therapy or death attributed to diabetic nephropathy.RESULTS -Of the 529 individuals, 107 (20%) had none/mild periodontitis, 200 (38%) had moderate periodontitis, 117 (22%) had severe periodontitis, and 105 (20%) were edentulous at baseline. During follow-up of up to 22 years, 193 individuals developed macroalbuminuria and 68 developed ESRD. Age-and sex-adjusted incidence of macroalbuminuria and ESRD increased with severity of periodontitis. After adjustment for age, sex, diabetes duration, BMI, and smoking in a proportional hazards model, the incidences of macroalbuminuria were 2.0, 2.1, and 2.6 times as high in individuals with moderate or severe periodontitis or those who were edentulous, respectively, compared with those with none/mild periodontitis (P ϭ 0.01). Incidences of ESRD in individuals with moderate or severe periodontitis or in those who were edentulous were 2.3, 3.5, and 4.9 times as high, respectively, compared with those with none/mild periodontitis (P ϭ 0.02).CONCLUSIONS -Periodontitis predicts development of overt nephropathy and ESRD in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Whether treatment of periodontitis will reduce the risk of diabetic kidney disease remains to be determined. Diabetes Care 30:306 -311, 2007P eriodontitis is a common infection of the periodontal tissues (1) and a major cause of tooth loss in adults (2,3). The most prevalent form is chronic periodontitis (1). Individuals with diabetes are at increased risk of developing periodontitis, and, once established, periodontitis is more severe in people with diabetes (3-6). Poor glycemic control hastens the progression of periodontitis and, in turn, periodontitis appears to further impair glycemic control (6 -8).Periodontitis predicts cardiovascular disease risk (9) and deaths from diabetic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes (10). However, the relationship between periodontitis and diabetic kidney disease has not been fully explored. Among nonobese individuals with type 2 diabetes in Japan, IgG titers for Porphyromonas gingivalis (a periodontal pathogen) were correlated with the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), although analyses were not adjusted for confounding factors (11). In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, a largely nondiabetic p...

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“…Una búsqueda de los trabajos publicados indica que en los últimos cuatro años se han escrito más de 200 artículos sobre el tema. Recientemente, se han realizado excelentes revisiones, 20,21 que incluyen artículos sobre la postura de la Academia Americana de Periodoncia al respecto. 22 El tabaquismo es un factor de riesgo importante para muchas enfermedades crónicas que imponen una carga sustancial a la salud general.…”

Section: Análisis Bivariadounclassified

Asociación Del Hábito De Fumar Y La Mala Higiene Oral Con La Enfermedad Periodontal en Pacientes Que Acuden a La Consulta Odontológica De La Universidad Santo Tomás

et al. 2018

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RESUMENObjetivo: Establecer la asociación de la enfermedad periodontal con el hábito de fumar en personas que acuden a la consulta odontológica en las clínicas de la Universidad Santo Tomás. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal. El universo lo constituyeron 760 pacientes entre 20 y 60 años y la muestra 178 personas. Ochenta y nueve fumadores y 89 no fumadores, seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio simple; se consideró como variable de salida la presencia de enfermedad periodontal y explicatorias las otras variables recolectadas. El plan de análisis estadístico univariado incluyó el cálculo de medidas de resumen; para el bivariado se aplicaron test de Chi cuadrado o Exacto de Fisher. Para el multivariado se aplicó una regresión binomial, considerando como variable de salida la presencia de enfermedad periodontal, se calcularon RR (razón de prevalencia) y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza. Resultados: Se observó la presencia de al menos un marcador periodontal en el 87% de las personas evaluadas. Hubo una asociación casi dos veces mayor de presentar enfermedad periodontal en pacientes fumadores en comparación con los no fumadores y un riesgo relativo de cuatro veces mayor en personas fumadoras con regular higiene oral. Conclusión: Se estableció que el hábito de fumar es un factor significativo en el desarrollo y la progresión de la enfermedad periodontal, que el sangrado gingival está disminuido en estos pacientes y que aspectos como la prevención, la educación y la motivación de la higiene oral son fundamentales para controlar o evitar que se desarrolle esta patología. [Ángulo JD, Márquez LC, Navas MX, Archila LE. Incremento de la asociación del hábito de fumar y la mala higiene oral con la enfermedad periodontal en pacientes que acuden a la consulta odontológica de la Universidad Santo Tomás. Revista Ustasalud Odontología 2007; 6: 104 -111] Palabras clave: Enfermedad periodontal, Hábito de fumar, Higiene oral. ASSOCIATION OF THE SMOKE HABIT AND THE BAD ORAL HYGIENE WITH PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN PATIENTS WHO ATTEND THE DENTAL CLINICS OF SANTO TOMAS UNIVERSITY ABSTRACTObjective: To determine the relationship between periodontal disease and smoking habit in patients, that attended the dental clinics in la Santo Tomas University. Materials and methods:An analytical cross section observational study was made. The universe constituted by 760 patients between 20 and 60 years old and the sample by 178 patients, 89 smokers and 89 nonsmokers selected by means of simple random sampling. The simple statistical analysis included the calculation of summary measures; in the bivaried analysis test of square Chi or Fisher Exact test were applied. By the multivaried analysis a binomial regression was applied, that considered as an exit variable the presence of Periodontal Disease, and RR and its respective confidence intervals were calculated. Results:The presence of a periodontal marker was observed at least in 87% of the evaluated patients; There was a greater assoc...

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Smoking and Periodontal Disease

Cited by 267 publications

References 81 publications

Smoking cessation advice for patients with chronic periodontitis

Smoking cessation advice for patients with chronic periodontitis

Effect of Periodontitis on Overt Nephropathy and End-Stage Renal Disease in Type 2 Diabetes

Asociación Del Hábito De Fumar Y La Mala Higiene Oral Con La Enfermedad Periodontal en Pacientes Que Acuden a La Consulta Odontológica De La Universidad Santo Tomás

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