Smoking and Parkinson's disease.

Godwin-Austen, R B; P, Lee; Marmot, Michael; Stern, Gerald

doi:10.1136/jnnp.45.7.577

Cited by 149 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Although many of the case-control studies reported ORs below unity, the association was nonsignificant in most studies [142,143,293,298,303,309,310,380,407,408,410,413,415,423]. A Swedish study that investigated the relationship of PD with beer, wine, and liquor reported inverse associations for each of these types of alcoholic beverages in univariate analyses.…”

Section: Case-control Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson’s disease: a review of the evidence

et al. 2011

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Section: Case-control Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson’s disease: a review of the evidence

et al. 2011

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“…The negative association between PD and tobacco use has been noted in previous studies. 38 " 40 It remains unexplained, but several hypotheses have been suggested, 541 including smoking-facilitated dopamine release. 42 In view of the experimental evidence linking dopamine release to ischemic cerebral damage, it is interesting to speculate whether this enhanced release is still one more way in which tobacco use predisposes to the development of clinically apparent stroke.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stroke and its modification in Parkinson's disease.

Struck

Rodnitzky

Dobson

1990

Stroke

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Previous studies have not agreed on the incidence of ischemic stroke in persons with Parkinson's disease. There are epidemiologic and neurochemical facets of Parkinson's disease that might confer some benefit or protection against ischemic stroke. We used a case-control method to determine the lifetime history of ischemic stroke in 200 patients with Parkinson's disease and 200 controls of a similar age range. Analysis was also carried out for myocardial infarction as a marker of generalized atherosclerotic disease and for stroke risk factors. The cumulative incidence of ischemic stroke was significantly less in the patients with Parkinson's disease than in the controls, as was the cumulative incidence of myocardial infarction. Among risk factors, significantly fewer patients with Parkinson's disease used tobacco than controls. The decreased incidence of ischemic stroke in the patients with Parkinson's disease appears to be related to their less severe generalized atherosclerosis, possibly due to their lower incidence of tobacco use. In view of the known potential for dopamine to exacerbate experimental ischemic tissue damage, the possibility that the dopamine deficiency in the central nervous system of persons with Parkinson's disease confers an additional specific protective benefit against ischemic stroke cannot be excluded and requires further study. (Stroke 1990;21:1395-1399) I schemic stroke and Parkinson's disease (PD) are common disorders, both occurring with the greatest incidence among individuals over the age of 55 years. This suggests that the appearance of both conditions in the same patient should be common. However, there are epidemiologic and neuropharmacologic facets of PD that might reduce the severity or incidence of ischemic stroke in the population with PD. Among the few studies that have attempted to evaluate the incidence of stroke in patients with PD there have been conflicting results. Some studies have found a similar incidence of cerebral vascular disease 1 or stroke 2 in PD patients and controls, while others have found a higher 3 or lower 4 incidence of stroke in PD patients. Moreover, these studies were performed before the era of modern neuroimaging techniques and prior to the advent of widely accepted clinical criteria for the diagnosis of stroke.No recent systematic investigation of the incidence of ischemic stroke in patients with PD has been carried out. If there is a reduced incidence of isch- Received March 16, 1990; accepted June 5, 1990. emic stroke in PD patients, it is important to attempt to explain the reduction in light of current understanding of the physiology and pharmacology of these two disorders and to determine whether it is due to less severe generalized atherosclerotic vascular disease or to localized protective mechanisms peculiar to the central nervous system (CNS) of PD patients.To address these questions we used a case-control method to compare the cumulative incidence of ischemic stroke in PD patients with that in controls undergoing surgical removal of...

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“…This particular relation is first alluded to by Kahn 12 in 1966 and has held true in several other studies. 1 - 41314 Baron 15 reports that smoking may actually be a protective exposure in relation to developing PD. Smoking facilitates dopamine release and dopaminergic neural transmission throughout the nervous system, which could delay or prevent the emergence of the clinical symptoms of PD in subjects whose dopaminergic functioning would otherwise drop below a symptom threshold.…”

Section: Cumulative Incidence = Pd Patients Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atherosclerosis has been suggested as a possible cause of PD by some authors and dismissed as a possible cause by others. 1 Degenerative cerebrovascular disease and PD afflict similar age groups, and some manifestations of cerebral atherosclerosis may be clinically difficult to distinguish from those of PD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stroke and Parkinson's disease.

Levine

Jones

Bee

1992

Stroke

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Background and Purpose: We sought to determine whether the recently reported decreased incidence of stroke and atherosclerotic disease in a university hospital-based Parkinson's disease patient population would be demonstrated in our patient population.Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control review of the last 119 Parkinson's disease patients discharged from the Middleton Veterans Affairs Hospital Neurology Service to study the incidence of ischemic stroke, myocardial ischemia, tobacco use, and other stroke risk factors. Controls were age and sex matched and were randomly taken from 238 non-Parkinson's disease discharges in which stroke or myocardial infarction was not the reason for hospitalization.Results: The cumulative incidences of ischemic stroke, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were not significantly different between groups. Myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, tobacco use, atrial fibrillation, cancer, and ethanol abuse were significantly more prevalent in the controls, whereas dementia and congestive heart failure were the only variables studied that were more prevalent in the Parkinson's disease patients.Conclusions: Our study failed to demonstrate that Parkinson's disease patients from a Veteran population were protected from ischemic stroke. (Stroke 1992^3:839-842) KEY WORDS • cerebral ischemia • Parkinson disease • risk factors

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Smoking and Parkinson's disease.

Cited by 149 publications

References 8 publications

Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson’s disease: a review of the evidence

Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson’s disease: a review of the evidence

Stroke and its modification in Parkinson's disease.

Stroke and Parkinson's disease.

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