Smoking and mental illness: results from population surveys in Australia and the United States

Lawrence, David; Mitrou, Francis; Zubrick, Stephen R.

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-285

Cited by 440 publications

(401 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Also, smokers in the USA that experienced high levels of psychological distress smoked more cigarettes per day and smoking rates varied according to type of mental disorder. Smoking prevalence was 21.3% among those with no mental disorder compared to 37.8% in people with anxiety disorders, 45.1% in those with mood disorders, and 63.6% among adults with substance use disorders 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In Australia, a study showed that prevalence is higher among patients with severe mental illness than in people with general mental illness (51.2% and 26.4%, respectively) 7 , while in Canada smoking prevalence was 51.8% in patients with schizophrenia compared to 39.2% among those with mood disorder or anxiety 6 . A more recent study of a nationally representative probability sample of 9,282 people in the USA showed that adults affected by a mental disorder in the past 12 months smoked almost twice as much as adults without mental disorders 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cigarette smoking among psychiatric patients in Brazil

et al. 2014

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking among psychiatric patients in Brazil

et al. 2014

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“…In light of increased rates of smoking in mood disorders (Lasser et al, 2000;Lawrence et al, 2009) and emerging findings of the effects of nicotine on striatal functions (Exley et al, 2013), our results could be influenced by smoking status.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Reward Processing in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: A Functional MRI Study

Redlich

Dohm

Grotegerd

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

142

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Differentiating bipolar disorders (BD) from unipolar depression (UD) remains a major clinical challenge. The identification of neurobiological markers may help to differentiate these disorders, particularly during depressive episodes. This cross-sectional study, including 33 patients with UD, 33 patients with BD, and 34 healthy controls, is one of the first to directly compare UD and BD with respect to reward processing. A card-guessing paradigm was employed and brain activity associated with reward processing was investigated by means of fMRI. A 3 (group) × 2 (condition: reward4control, loss4control) ANOVA was conducted using the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) as ROI. Furthermore, a whole-brain approach was applied. A functional connectivity analysis was performed to characterize diagnosis-related alterations in the functional coupling between the NAcc and other brain areas. The ANOVA revealed higher activity for healthy controls (HCs) than for BD and UD in the NAcc during reward processing. Moreover, UD showed a higher functional connectivity between the NAcc and the VTA than HC. The patients groups could be differentiated in that BD showed a decreased activation, in the reward condition, of the NAcc, caudate nucleus, thalamus, putamen, insula, and prefrontal areas compared with UD. These results may help to refine the understanding of neural correlates of reward processing in both disorders, and to understand the neural underpinnings of anhedonia, a core symptom of depressive episodes.

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“…A substantial proportion of all smokers have a history of depression, and among people with depression, smoking prevalence is about twice as high as in the general population [1][2][3], leading to increased morbidity and premature mortality [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and Smoking Cessation: Evidence from a Smoking Cessation Clinic with 1-Year Follow-Up

et al. 2016

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Background Smoking is more prevalent among people with depression. Depression may make cessation more difficult and cessation may affect depression symptoms. Purpose The aims of this study were to assess the associations between (1) baseline depression and 1-year smoking abstinence and (2) abstinence and change in depression. Methods Observational study using data collected routinely in a smoking cessation clinic in the Czech Republic from 2008 to 2014. Aim 1: N = 3775 patients; 14.3% reported mild and 15.4% moderate/severe baseline depression levels measured using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Logistic regressions assessed if depression level predicted 1-year biochemically verified abstinence while adjusting for patient and treatment characteristics. Aim 2: N = 835 patients abstinent at 1 year; change in depression was analysed using Chi-square statistics, t test and mixed method analyses of variance. Results Rate of abstinence was lower for patients with mild (32.5%, OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.54 to 0.87, p = 0.002) and moderate/severe depression (25.8%; OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.74, p < 0.001) compared with patients without depression (40.5%).Across abstinent patients, the majority with baseline depression reported lower depression levels at follow-up. Overall mean (SD) BDI-II scores improved from 9.2 (8.6) to 5.3 (6.1); t(834) = 14.6, p < 0.001. There were significant main effects of time (F(1832) = 880.8, p < 0.001, partial η 2 = 0.51) and baseline depression level (F(2832) = 666.4, p < 0.001, partial η 2 = 0.62) on follow-up depression and a significant depression * time interaction (F(2832) = 296.5, p < 0.001, partial η 2 = 0.42). Conclusions In this effective smoking cessation clinic, depression at the start of treatment predicted reduced smoking abstinence 1 year later. Patients abstinent from smoking experienced considerable improvement in depression.

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Smoking and mental illness: results from population surveys in Australia and the United States

Cited by 440 publications

References 67 publications

Cigarette smoking among psychiatric patients in Brazil

Cigarette smoking among psychiatric patients in Brazil

Reward Processing in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: A Functional MRI Study

Depression and Smoking Cessation: Evidence from a Smoking Cessation Clinic with 1-Year Follow-Up

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