Smoking and Lung Cancer

Burney, Leroy E.

doi:10.1001/jama.1959.73010310005016

Cited by 53 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Since no clear evidence for specific carcinogens in tobacco smoke had been found, and since experimental data recapitulating tobacco as a cancerous agent or providing a mechanistic biochemical explanation was lacking, the effect of smoking on lung cancer was not broadly endorsed and instead engendered significant debate in the medical community. This attitude began to change in the medical community on both sides of the Atlantic with statements by the British Medical Research Council in 1957 that endorsed tobacco as a direct cause of cancer and by the Surgeon General of the United States, Dr. Leroy E. Burney, in 1959, which defined smoking as the “principal etiologic factor in the increased incidence of lung cancer [5, 6]. ” The weight of the epidemiologic evidence was sufficient enough that the release of the first report of the Surgeon General’s Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health on January 11, 1964, by Dr. Luther L. Terry set into motion significant legislation by the U.S. Congress, and great public debate over how best to address smoking cessation and the health issues caused by smoking [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking, p53 Mutation, and Lung Cancer

Gibbons

Byers

Kurie

2014

Molecular Cancer Research

220

175

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This issue marks the 50th Anniversary of the release of the U.S. Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking and Health. Perhaps no other singular event has done more to highlight the effects of smoking on the development of cancer. Tobacco exposure is the leading cause of cancers involving the oral cavity, conductive airways and the lung. Owing to the many carcinogens in tobacco smoke, smoking-related malignancies have a high genome-wide burden of mutations, including in the gene encoding for p53. The p53 protein is the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor in cancer, responsible for a range of critical cellular functions that are compromised by the presence of a mutation. Herein we review the epidemiologic connection between tobacco exposure and cancer, the molecular basis of p53 mutation in lung cancer, and the normal molecular and cellular roles of p53 that are abrogated during lung tumor development and progression as defined by in vitro and in vivo studies. We also consider the therapeutic potential of targeting mutant p53 in a clinical setting based upon the cellular role of mutant p53 and data from genetic murine models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking, p53 Mutation, and Lung Cancer

Gibbons

Byers

Kurie

2014

Molecular Cancer Research

220

175

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“…In the 1940s and 1950s clinicians and researchers were recognizing that lung cancer was increasing at alarming rates (Auerbach et al, 1957;Burney, 1959;Cornfield et al, 1959). Diseases such as lung cancer were rare before the widespread use of tobacco, and so it was relatively simple for them to relate lung cancer to smoking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of smoking and lung cancer

Shields

2002

Oncogene

135

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“…In 1959, the Surgeon General of the United States, Dr. Leroy E. Burney, issued a statement which reviewed the available data and concluded: "The weight of evidence at present implicates smoking as the principal etiological factor in the increased incidence of lung cancer" [73]. What the Surgeon General had referred to two years previously as "one of the causative factors" had become "the principal etiological factor."…”

Section: Further Discussion Of Evidence: Renewal Of Controversymentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on smoking and lung cancer: A landmark in the history of chronic disease epidemiology

White

1991

Lung Cancer

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This paper describes the history of the epidemiologic research on lung cancer prior to 1970 and its effect on chronic disease epidemiology. In the 1 930s, epidemiology was largely concerned with acute infectious diseases. As the evidence grew that the incidence of lung cancer was increasing among men, however, epidemiologists undertook research into the etiology of the disease. In 1950, Doll and Hill, in England, and Wynder and Graham, in the United States, published substantial case-control studies that implicated the use of tobacco as a major risk factor for the disease. A controversy developed over the credibility of this finding and was increased in 1954 when a cohort study by Doll and Hill and another by Hammond and Horn each gave estimates that the risk of lung cancer was greatly increased among smokers relative to the risk among comparable non-smokers. An account is given of the disputes surrounding these and related studies. The controversy had a stimulating effect in fostering the developing discipline of chronic disease and epidemiology.Wade Hampton Frost, the first profession of epidemiology in the United States, described epidemiology in 1926 as concerned largely with the mass phenomena of infectious disease [1]. He did point out, however, that the limits of the discipline had become somewhat vague. It was customary to include in epidemiology the study of infections which were not characterized by distinctive epidemics, since these diseases had much in common with traditional epidemic diseases. He did not specifically include the effects of famine, which, on account of its role in dramatic depopulation, had often been linked with pestilence, but he did include a food deficiency disease, scurvy, and he also included goiter, which, like the others, could be profitably considered, in relation to the population at risk, a characteristic epidemiologic concept.In the nineteen thirties, epidemiology was still concerned almost entirely with acute infectious diseases. Chronic diseases were becoming more important in the health field as a whole, however, partly in a relative sense because of the control of many infections, but also, to some extent, because of an increase in the incidence rate of certain chronic diseases. J.N. Morris, writing about British mortality data on middle-aged men, noted that as early as the 1 920s death rates from coronary heart disease and lung cancer in men had been increasing. In a later part of his book he referred to these diseases as causing modern epidemics [2]. They showed a sustained, rather than an episodic, increase, less dramatic than a classic epidemic, but, like the latter, they invited attention by reason of the number of people affected.A few small-scale epidemiologic investigations of the etiology of chronic disease had already been undertaken by the thirties. The rising interest in the field is illustrated by 29

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Smoking and Lung Cancer

Cited by 53 publications

References 23 publications

Smoking, p53 Mutation, and Lung Cancer

Smoking, p53 Mutation, and Lung Cancer

Molecular epidemiology of smoking and lung cancer

Research on smoking and lung cancer: A landmark in the history of chronic disease epidemiology

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