Smoking and local unemployment: Evidence from Germany

Kaiser, Micha; Reutter, Mirjam; Sousa‐Poza, Alfonso; Strohmaier, Kristina

doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2018.02.004

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Azagba et al reported that having a job and the related stress had a positive and statistically significant impact on smoking intensity (30). In contrast, a study in Germany showed that unemployment was a reason for high prevalence of smoking (31). Overall, it seems that having a job, particularly a high-stress job and unemployment increase the odds of cigarette smoking through increased psychological stress (31,32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of smoking and its association with health-related behaviours among Iranian university students: a large-scale study

Mansouri¹,

Sadeghi²,

Roshanfekr³

et al. 2020

East Mediterr Health J.

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Background: The prevalence of smoking and contributing factors among Iranian university students has been paid little attention. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of smoking in Iranian university students and its association with health-related behaviours. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 82 806 Iranian university students admitted in 2012-2013. Information on demographic characteristics and health-related behaviours, including physical activity, sleep pattern, use of electronic devices and dietary habits, were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Weight and height were measured using a standard protocol and body mass index calculated. Smokers were defined as students who smoked ≥ 1 cigarette per week. Results: Smoking was prevalent among 6.0% of university students (males 6.6%, females 5.6%). Moderate physical activity was inversely associated with odds of smoking. A significant positive association was also found between obesity and odds of being a smoker. Higher intake of fruits and dairy products were associated with lower odds of smoking. However, intake of vegetables, fast foods and carbonated beverages was positively associated with smoking. Breakfast consumption was also associated with greater odds of being a smoker. Conclusions: Demographic characteristics and health-related behaviours, including marital status, occupation, economic status, sleep pattern, physical activity, use of electronic devices and dietary intake, were significantly associated with smoking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of smoking and its association with health-related behaviours among Iranian university students: a large-scale study

Mansouri¹,

Sadeghi²,

Roshanfekr³

et al. 2020

East Mediterr Health J.

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“…In addition, the procyclical sign of this relationship reverses when the analysis focuses on the prevalence of smoking. Several studies corroborate that the susceptibility to smoking increases during a recession and quantify the trend (Wang et al 2016;Kaiser et al 2018;Schunck and Rogge 2009). Concretely, Wang et al (2016) estimate the rise in the likelihood of smoking to be approximately 1.45% for each one-percentage-point rise in the unemployment rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Asymmetric behavior of tobacco consumption in Spain across the business cycle: a long-term regional analysis

Álvarez

Almeida

Galiano

et al. 2020

Int J Health Econ Manag.

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Many theoretical and empirical studies have analyzed the relationship between the economic cycle and tobacco consumption using the GDP and unemployment rates as the key variables for measuring economic phases. However, few studies focus on the pathways that cause tobacco consumption to be linked with the economic cycle, and there are no studies analyzing the heterogeneous effects underlying this relationship across nations and regions. This article explores the relationship and its pathways in 16 Spanish regions for the period 1989-2018. To this end, we apply a Granger causality analysis based on the augmented vector autoregressive (VAR) model in levels and extra lags. This method provides more efficient and robust results than the standard VAR model, which can lead to biased results with limited samples, especially in a region-by-region analysis. The empirical results suggest that the impact of the business cycle on tobacco consumption is heterogeneous and specific to each region. In addition, although recession phases cause a decline in tobacco consumption in Spain, in line with the literature, this procyclical relationship does not occur for expansion phases in all regions. One of the main findings of this article is that in expansion phases, tobacco consumption is sensitive to GDP, while in recession phases, tobacco consumption is affected by unemployment. National and regional governments should consider these results when they develop smoking control policies because homogeneous strategies can lead to heterogeneous results. Thus, the results can be useful for policymakers dealing with tobacco control strategies.

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“…The potential benefits of such interventions are likely to be very high given the substantial costs that nicotine transmission to children may generate. This issue is likely to be even more important in recession times, being the probability of become a smoker much higher during these periods (Kaiser et al, 2018). Only considering the immediate health damage to children, Frijters et al (2011) calculate that the income equivalence of exposure to passive smoking is £16,000 per year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational transmission of nicotine within families: Have e-cigarettes influenced passive smoking?

Carrieri

Jones

2018

Economics & Human Biology

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Using an objective biomarker of active and passive smoking, we estimate Galtonian regressions of nicotine transmission and test whether the use of new nicotine delivery products (NDP) by parents had an influence on the transmission to children through passive smoking. We find evidence of a strong intergenerational transmission through passive smoking and that this is around four times larger for mothers compared to fathers. Moreover, we estimate an intention to treat difference-in-differences (DiD) model using parental cotinine as a continuous measure of exposure to the treatment and we find that the level of transmission of cotinine from parents was reduced to 51 per cent of the previous level just after the spread in the use of e-cigarettes in England and to 77 per cent when considering transmission from mothers. This is confirmed also by a DiD model which considers interaction between cotinine levels and self-reported use of NDP by parents and suggests that lower taxation of these devices may be justified on externality grounds.

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Smoking and local unemployment: Evidence from Germany

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Prevalence of smoking and its association with health-related behaviours among Iranian university students: a large-scale study

Prevalence of smoking and its association with health-related behaviours among Iranian university students: a large-scale study

Asymmetric behavior of tobacco consumption in Spain across the business cycle: a long-term regional analysis

Intergenerational transmission of nicotine within families: Have e-cigarettes influenced passive smoking?

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