Smoking and its Effects on Periodontium - A Review

Abstract

Tobacco smoking has been considered an independent environmental risk factor for the development and progression of periodontal disease along with other negative consequences on multiple physiological systems. It impairs the environment and ecology of the oral cavity as well as the vasculature, inflammatory-immune responses, and periodontal tissue healing ability. Studies revealed that quitting smoking improves the health of the periodontium. The objective of this report is to draw attention to the harmful effects of tobacco smoking on the periodontium.