Smoking and gastric cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Ladeiras-Lopes, Ricardo; Pereira, Alexandre Kirchhofer; Nogueira, Augusto; Pinheiro-Torres, Tiago; Pinto, Isabel; Santos-Pereira, Ricardo; Lunet, Nuno

doi:10.1007/s10552-008-9132-y

Cited by 429 publications

(319 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Our findings indicated that tobacco smoking was associated with 1.62-fold higher risk of GC (95%CI: 1.50-1.74) compared with nonsmokers in Chinese population. This is consistent with a previous review based on international cohort studies, which reported a pooled RR of 1.53 (95%CI: 1.42-1.65) and a meta-analysis of international case-control studies with a pooled OR of 1.48 (95%CI: 1.28-1.71) (Ladeiras-Lopes R et al, 2008;La Torre et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…For tobacco consumption, it is reported that as many as 60 components in cigarette smoke are considered to be carcinogens including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, aromatic amine, trace metals, as well as nicotine (Shin et al, 2005). Ladeiras-Lopes and colleagues' review of 42 cohort studies showed relative risk (RR) of GC were 1.62 in male smokers (95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.50-1.75) and 1.20 in female smokers (95%CI: 1.01-1.43) compared with those who had never smoked (Ladeiras-Lopes et al, 2008). With regard to alcohol drinking, some researchers believe that it is an important risk factor for numerous cancers worldwide, including cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx, esophagus, stomach, larynx, colorectum, central nervous system, pancreas, breast and prostate (Boffetta et al, 2006;de Menezes et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Risk of Gastric Cancer and Consumption of Tobacco, Alcohol and Tea in the Chinese Population

Tong

Liang²,

Chai³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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This study aimed at summarizing epidemiological research findings on associations between tobacco, alcohol and tea consumption and risk of gastric cancer (GC) in the Chinese population. The review searched PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and China Biology Medicine (CBM) databases and reference lists of review papers for all studies published in English or Chinese languages. Information extracted, via two independent researchers, from retrieved articles included first author, year of publication, study design, sample size, source of controls and adjusted odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each category. Statistical analyses used software STATA version 12.0. The systematic search found 89 articles containing 25,821 GC cases and 135,298 non-cases. The overall random effects in terms of pooled OR and 95%CI for tobacco, alcohol and tea consumption were 1.62 (95%CI: 1.50-1.74), 1.57 (95%CI: 1.41-1.76) and 0.67 (95%CI: 0.59-0.76) respectively; while the heterogeneity among included studies ranged from 80.1% to 87.5%. The majority of subgroup analyses revealed consistent results with the overall analyses. All three behavioral factors showed statistically significant dose-dependent effects on GC (P<0.05). The study revealed that tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking were associated with over 1/2 added risk of GC, while tea drinking conferred about 1/3 lower risk of GC in the Chinese population. However, these results should be interpreted with caution given the fact that most of the included studies were based on a retrospective design and heterogeneity among studies was relatively high.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Risk of Gastric Cancer and Consumption of Tobacco, Alcohol and Tea in the Chinese Population

Tong

Liang²,

Chai³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…This would indicate that smoking is responsible for approximately 10% of all cases, 39 and the recent decline in smoking prevalence in men from developed countries may account for part of the fall in gastric cancer rates. 40 The high prevalence of H. pylori in subsequent cohorts of the populations, several aspects of foods conservation, diet and nutrition as well as tobacco smoking partly or largely explain the smaller fall in gastric cancer rates in Eastern as compared to Western Europe and other areas of the developed world. In Russia and other former nonmarket economy countries, refrigeration was available later, there were large deficiencies in food distribution and availability, and tobacco smoking was more common, mainly in men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent patterns in gastric cancer: A global overview

Bertuccio

Chatenoud

Levi

et al. 2009

Intl Journal of Cancer

570

434

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Until the mid-1990s, gastric cancer has been the first cause of cancer death worldwide, although rates had been declining for several decades and gastric cancer has become a relatively rare cancer in North America and in most Northern and Western Europe, but not in Eastern Europe, Russia and selected areas of Central and South America or East Asia. We analyzed gastric cancer mortality in Europe and other areas of the world from 1980 to 2005 using joinpoint regression analysis, and provided updated site-specific incidence rates from 51 selected registries. Over the last decade, the annual percent change (APC) in mortality rate was around 23, 24% for the major European countries. The APC were similar for the Republic of Korea (APC 5 24.3%), Australia (23.7%), the USA (23.6%), Japan (23.5%), Ukraine (23%) and the Russian Federation (22.8%). In Latin America, the decline was less marked, but constant with APC around 21.6% in Chile and Brazil, 22.3% in Argentina and Mexico and 22.6% in Colombia. Cancers in the fundus and pylorus are more common in high incidence and mortality areas and have been declining more than cardia gastric cancer. Steady downward trends persist in gastric cancer mortality worldwide even in middle aged population, and hence further appreciable declines are likely in the near future. ' 2009 UICC

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“…Finally, we included 80 papers for this overview of reviews, but in our article we only reviewed 55 etiological SRs/meta-analyses (Fu et al, 1995;Huang et al, 1998;Jacobs et al, 1998;Danesh et al, 1999;Eslick et al, 1999;Jia et al, 2000;Wu et al, 2000;Xue et al, 2001;Huang et al, 2003;Guo et al, 2004;Li et al, 2004;Botelho et al, 2006;Hu et al, 2006;Jakszyn et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2006;MacLean et al, 2006;Nishino et al, 2006;Tian et al, 2006;Xu et al, 2006;An et al, 2007;Kubo et al, 2007;Lunet et al, 2007;Merrill et al, 2007;Bae et al, 2008;Ladeiras-Lopes et al, 2008;Kuoppala et al, 2008;Shimazu et al, 2008;Zhou et al, 2008;Huang et al, 2009;La Torre et al, 2009;Mulholland et al, 2009;Myung et al, 2009;Yang et al, 2009;Zhang et al, 2009;Cavaleiro-Pinto et al, 2010;Gatto et al, 2010;Hussein et al, 2010;Kang et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2010;…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, diet that contains more protective factors and less or no risk factors should be recommended for GC prevention. Lifestyle exposure to alcohol and smoking were associated with increased GC risks (Tredaniel et al, 1997;Corrao et al, 1999;Liu and Wang, 2002;Zeka et al, 2003;Corrao et al, 2004;Inoue et al, 2005;Nishino et al, 2006;Gandini et al, 2008;Ladeiras-Lopes et al, 2008;Shimazu et al, 2008;La Torre et al, 2009;Li et al, 2011;, and other studies have showed that cigarette smoking may play the most harmful role in the initial development of GC, and that drinking alcohol may promote the process (Chen et al, 2000, Sauvaget et al, 2005, Yamaji et al, 2009. So smoking and alcohol should be avoided or diminished in order to prevent GC incidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Overview of Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews about Gastric Cancer Risk and Protective Factors

Ying²,

Sun³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background and Objective: A comprehensive overall review of gastric cancer (GC) risk and protective factors is a high priority, so we conducted the present study. Methods: Systematic searches in common medical electronic databases along with reference tracking were conducted to include all kinds of systematic reviews (SRs) about GC risk and protective factors. Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and evaluated the methodological qualities and the quality of evidence using R-AMSTAR and GRADE approaches. Results: Betacarotene below 20 mg/day, fruit, vegetables, non-fermented soy-foods, whole-grain, and dairy product were GC protective factors, while beta-carotene 20 mg/day or above, pickled vegetables, fermented soy-foods, processed meat 30g/d or above, or salty foods, exposure to alcohol or smoking, occupational exposure to Pb, overweight and obesity, helicobacter pylori infection were GC risk factors. So we suggested screening and treating H. pylori infection, limiting the amount of food containing risk factors (processed meat consumption, beta-carotene, pickled vegetables, fermented soy-foods, salty foods, alcohol), stopping smoking, avoiding excessive weight gain, avoidance of Pb, and increasing the quantity of food containing protective components (fresh fruit and vegetables, non-fermented soy-foods, whole-grain, dairy products). Conclusions: The conclusions and recommendations of our study were limited by including SRs with poor methodological bases and low quality of evidence, so that more research applying checklists about assessing the methodological qualities and reporting are needed for the future.

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Smoking and gastric cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Abstract: Our study provides solid evidence to classify smoking as the most important behavioral risk factor for gastric cancer.

Cited by 429 publications

References 71 publications

Association of Risk of Gastric Cancer and Consumption of Tobacco, Alcohol and Tea in the Chinese Population

Association of Risk of Gastric Cancer and Consumption of Tobacco, Alcohol and Tea in the Chinese Population

Recent patterns in gastric cancer: A global overview

Overview of Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews about Gastric Cancer Risk and Protective Factors

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