Smoking and Colorectal Cancer: a 20-Year Follow-up Study of Swedish Construction Workers

Nyrén, Olof; Bergström, Reinhold; Nyström, Lennarth; Engholm, G; Ekbom, Anders; Adami, Hans‐Olov; Knutsson, Anders; Stjernberg, N

doi:10.1093/jnci/88.18.1302

Cited by 91 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The biological mechanism behind this subsite specificity is unknown, but differences in the embryonic tissues of the colon and rectum and in patterns of growth factors and receptors may be relevant (Chyou et al, 1996;Bonithon-Kopp and Benhamiche 1999;Wei et al, 2004). Also, nicotine may have a differential effect on colon and rectum: enhancing motility in the colon (thus reducing transit time of other carcinogens in the colon), but not in the rectum (Nyren et al, 1996); tobacco carcinogens may be more concentrated in the rectum than in the colon (Terry et al, 2002;Wei et al, 2004). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarettes and alcohol in relation to colorectal cancer: the Singapore Chinese Health Study

Yuan

et al. 2007

Br J Cancer

112

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The relations were examined between colorectal cancer and cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption within the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based, prospective cohort of 63 257 middle-aged and older Chinese men and women enrolled between 1993 and 1998, from whom baseline data on cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were collected through in-person interviews. By 31 December 2004, 845 cohort participants had developed colorectal cancer (516 colon cancer, 329 rectal cancer). Compared with nondrinkers, subjects who drank seven or more alcoholic drinks per week had a statistically significant, 72% increase in risk of colorectal cancer hazard ratio (HR) ¼ 1.72; 95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ 1.33 -2.22). Cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk of rectal cancer only. Compared with nonsmokers, HRs (95% CIs) for rectal cancer were 1.43 (1.10 -1.87) for light smokers and 2.64 (1.77 -3.96) for heavy smokers. Our data indicate that cigarette smoking and alcohol use interact in the Chinese population in an additive manner in affecting risk of rectal cancer, thus suggesting that these two exposures may share a common etiologic pathway in rectal carcinogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarettes and alcohol in relation to colorectal cancer: the Singapore Chinese Health Study

Yuan

et al. 2007

Br J Cancer

112

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“…Thus, we could not evaluate smoking as a potential confounder or as an effect modifier. Data have been mixed on whether smoking is an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer, 26,27 and if anything a higher risk is restricted to those who have smoked for several decades. Thus, it is unlikely that smoking is an important confounder of the association between acrylamide and colorectal cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective study of dietary acrylamide and risk of colorectal cancer among women

Mucci

Adami

Wolk

2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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There has been considerable discourse about whether exposure to acrylamide in foods could increase the risk of human cancer. Acrylamide is classified as a probable human carcinogen, and animal studies have demonstrated an increased incidence of tumors in rats exposed to very high levels. Still, epidemiologic data of the effect of dietary acrylamide remain scant. We have undertaken the first prospective study of acrylamide in food and risk of colon and rectal cancers using prospective data from the Swedish Mammography Cohort. The cohort comprised 61,467 women at baseline between 1987 and 1990. Through 2003, the cohort contributed 823,072 person-years, and 504 cases of colon and 237 of rectal cancer occurred. Mean intake of acrylamide through diet was 24.6 lg/day (Q25-70 5 18.7-29.9). Coffee (44%), fried potato products (16%), crisp bread (15%) and other breads (12%) were the greatest contributors. After adjusting for potential confounders, there was no association between estimated acrylamide intake and colorectal cancer. Comparing extreme quintiles, the adjusted relative risks (95% CI; p for trend) were for colorectal cancer 0.9 (0.7-1.3; p 5 0.80), colon cancer 0.9 (0.6-1.4; p 5 0.83) and rectal cancer 1.0 (0.6-1.8; p 5 0.77). Furthermore, intake of specific food items with elevated acrylamide (e.g., coffee, crisp bread and fried potato products) was not associated with cancer risk. In this large prospective study, we found no evidence that dietary intake of acrylamide is associated with cancers of the colon or rectum. Epidemiologic studies play an important role in assessing the possible health effects of acrylamide intake through food. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…To avoid misunderstandings or inconsistencies, the answers were double-checked by a nurse at the time of the visit. The quality of the smoking data has been reviewed previously (Nyrén et al 1996). Briefly, in that study missing data on duration of smoking was noted in 1.3% of current smokers and 1.4% of previous smokers.…”

Section: Assessment Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

High body mass index is associated with increased risk of implant dislocation following primary total hip replacement: 2,106 patients followed for up to 8 years

et al. 2008

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Smoking and Colorectal Cancer: a 20-Year Follow-up Study of Swedish Construction Workers

Cited by 91 publications

References 47 publications

Cigarettes and alcohol in relation to colorectal cancer: the Singapore Chinese Health Study

Cigarettes and alcohol in relation to colorectal cancer: the Singapore Chinese Health Study

Prospective study of dietary acrylamide and risk of colorectal cancer among women

High body mass index is associated with increased risk of implant dislocation following primary total hip replacement: 2,106 patients followed for up to 8 years

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