Smoking and Cardiovascular Diseases

Bernhard, David

doi:10.1002/9783527635320.ch7

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Such chemicals can cause permanent damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids [15]. Also, cigarette smoking is associated with malignant, respiratory, and cardiovascular life threatening diseases [16]. Moreover, smoking reduces the blood flow which aids blood clots formation within the ocular blood capillaries [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Tear Film Quality among Smokers Using Tear Ferning Patterns

Masmali

Alshehri

Alanazi

et al. 2016

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose. To investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on the ocular tear film. Methods. Thirty healthy young male cigarette smokers (20–38 years old) and 30 healthy age matched nonsmokers were enrolled in the study. McMonnies questionnaire, slit lamp, and PRT test were used to screen the subjects. Tear samples were collected from the right eyes and tear ferning patterns were observed and graded. Results. The mean MacMonnies scores and TF grades were significantly higher in the smoker subjects (mean ± SD = 9.83 ± 5.22 and 0.96 ± 0.54, resp.) compared to nonsmokers (mean ± SD = 5.96 ± 3.06 and 0.41 ± 0.38, resp.). The mean values obtained from PRT and TBUT tests were 22.23 ± 6.35 mm and 12.17 ± 3.81 s for smokers and 22.16 ± 5.63 mm and 14.13 ± 2.62 s for nonsmokers, respectively. Strong correlations were found between MacMonnies scores and both PRT (r = 0.596) and TF (r = 0.516). There was statistically significant difference in TF grades (p = 0.00), TBUT (p = 0.036) and McMonnies (p = 0.02) between smokers and nonsmokers. Conclusion. Cigarette smoking could have a significant effect on the tear film quality of the eye.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Tear Film Quality among Smokers Using Tear Ferning Patterns

Masmali

Alshehri

Alanazi

et al. 2016

Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…The chemical compounds in both phases are the result of chemical processes occurring at high temperature and involving the different ingredients of the cigarette (tobacco, additives and paper) . The toxicity of the cigarette smoke is directly correlated with its chemical composition . Three types of cigarette smoke have to be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the mainstream cigarette smoke aerosols by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry coupled to laser/desorption and electrospray ionization – Additional insights on the heteroaromatic components

Kamissoko

Carré

Schramm

et al. 2019

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale:The chemical composition of the particulate phase of cigarette smoke inhaled by the active smoker is still poorly known in spite of its importance from a health point of view. A non-targeted approach is applied to cigarette smoke particles collected on a quartz filter to obtain an as complete as possible description of this complex mixture.Methods: A home-made smoking machine including devices for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particle sampling was used. The validation of the cigarette smoking and cigarette smoke collection procedures was conducted by the quantification of some compounds by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The particles were investigated by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) directly after their collection on quartz filters by laser/desorption ionization (LDI) or after extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 by electrospray ionization (ESI). Results: The determination of the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (from 2 to 35 μg/cigarette) and nicotine (0.68 ± 0.05 mg/cigarette) validated the used sampling method. The complementarity of the LDI and ESI sources for the cigarette smoke analysis was established. The ESI analyses evidenced polar compounds and components with a pyridine group and LDI ensured the detection of polycondensed heteroaromatic species. Finally, this methodology was employed to characterize particles from cigarettes with or without flavoring additives. Conclusions: Some insights into the composition of cigarette smoke inhaled by active smokers have been obtained. The~1750 observed features revealed the huge complexity of cigarette smoke particles and the diversity of the possible associated health issues. Both heteroaromatic and highly oxygenated compounds produced by combustion and pyrolysis have been highlighted.

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Smoking and Cardiovascular Diseases

Cited by 2 publications

References 105 publications

Assessment of Tear Film Quality among Smokers Using Tear Ferning Patterns

Assessment of Tear Film Quality among Smokers Using Tear Ferning Patterns

Study of the mainstream cigarette smoke aerosols by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry coupled to laser/desorption and electrospray ionization – Additional insights on the heteroaromatic components

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