Smoking and academic performance

Warburton, David M.; Wesnes, Keith; Revell, Andrew D.

doi:10.1007/bf02686521

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It has been reported that medical students frequently cite coping with examinations as an important reason for smoking (Knopf 1975), and Warburton et al (1984) reported that college students who were smokers performed better in their exams than non-smokers. However, other studies have found that schoolchildren who smoke perform less well academically (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Function of cigarette smoking in relation to examinations

West

Lennox

1992

Psychopharmacology

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Eighty-two college students took part in a study on motives underlying increases in cigarette smoking prior to examinations. One group was tested a month before, and a second group was tested the day before, the start of examinations. Measures were taken of current cigarette consumption, general anxiety, anxiety about forthcoming exams, the importance of sedative and stimulant smoking motives, hours spent revising and in other activities and amounts smoked during these activities. The results indicated that the students increased the hours they spent revising and there was a corresponding increase in the number of cigarettes smoked during this activity. They also reported an increase in the importance of stimulant smoking motives. Anxiety levels increased in the run up to exams but there was no increase in sedative smoking motives. The results raise the issue of whether any anxiolytic action of nicotine may be limited to acute stressors and also whether smokers' use of cigarettes to help them stay alert during revision translates into improved examination performance.

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confidence: 98%

Function of cigarette smoking in relation to examinations

West

Lennox

1992

Psychopharmacology

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“…[40][41][42] A possible explanation is that stressed physicians smoke more in order to cope with stress at work or that those who are less able to cope with stress are more likely to be dependent on cigarettes. There is limited evidence [43] suggesting that higher academic achievement is associated with smoking which could explain these findings. This study confirms the multi-factorial nature of work-related stress but in particular identifies that in hospital physicians in this institution being a hospital doctor, of younger age, married, or a smoker is predictive of higher levels of stress which in turn is driven by specific factors which relate to unsatisfactory working relationships.…”

Section: Scores Of Reeder Scale and Stress Domains Between Male And Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work-related stress in primary health care physicians and hospital physicians in Riyadh Military Hospital

Haddad¹,

Mansur²,

Momatin³

2016

Int J Med Sci Public Health

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Background: Stress levels among healthcare professionals including doctors are high compared with the general working population. General practice appears to be one of the most stressful workplaces for health service employees. Objective: To examine whether primary health care (PHC) physicians have a higher level of work stress than hospital physicians and identify the work characteristics leading to stress among physicians. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional survey of 184 general practitioners and hospital physicians at Riyadh Military Hospital in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire based on the Reeder scale to measure psychological stress level and the Health and Safety Executive's Stress Indicator Tool to explore the sources of work stress among workers was used. Data were collected over the first two weeks of May 2009. Statistical analysis used multiple linear regressions to determine predictors of work stress and work stress factors. Results: Hospital physicians reported higher Reeder scores than PHC physicians (3.28 vs 2.94, P = 0.001) and specifically in the relationships domain (1.31 vs 1.16, P = 0.004). Reeder and demand domain scores decreased with the increase in age while control and role domain scores increased with the increase in age. Gender and marital status had no statistically significant effect on stress level or work stress factors. Consultants had higher control scores compared to specialists (3.28 vs 2.97, P = 0.012). Reeder and demand scores were higher among current smokers compared with nonsmokers. Being a hospital physician, younger age, married, or a smoker was predictive of work stress among physicians. The Reeder Score was a positive predictor of demand and relationship domains, and a negative predictor for the other domains, except for the domain of change, where it had no influence. Conclusion: Work stress is higher among hospital physicians compared with PHC physicians in Riyadh. Hospital physicians are subjected to higher workloads, conflicts, and unacceptable behavior at work. Actions to reduce work stress among hospital physicians are indicated in this workplace.

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“…respiratory difficulties [6][7][8]. Nicotine, a stimulant for the nervous system, can exacerbate stress and anxiety, thereby negatively impacting cognitive performance, focus, and memory [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smokers Versus Non-Smokers: Comparing Cognitive Flexibility and Dyspnea Symptoms in Medical Students

Erdoğan Kaya,

Durak

2024

Eur J Ther

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Objective: Smoking is an escalating public health concern globally, notably for its frequency among young individuals and the medical conditions it induces. This research aims to explore the association between smoking and the symptoms of dyspnea as well as cognitive flexibility levels in medical students. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 188 volunteer medical school students. Participants were administered a sociodemographic data form, the Dyspnea-12 Scale, and the Cognitive Flexibility Scale. The participants were divided into two groups as smokers and non-smokers and compared in terms of the applied scale scores. The data were analyzed using the appropriate statistical methods with IBM SPSS v.22 software. Results: Of the 188 participants, 56.9% (n:107) were female, while 43.1% (n: 81) were male. The prevalence of smoking among participants was 26.1% (n: 49), with rates at 38.3% (n:31) for males and 16.8% (n: 18) for females. The smoking rate was significantly higher in males (p<0.001). No significant difference was detected between smokers and non-smokers regarding the Dyspnea-12 score. However, the Cognitive Flexibility Scale scores were significantly lower in the smoker group (p:0.018). Conclusion: In our study, we found that the smoking rate among medical students was quite high and that smoking negatively affected cognitive flexibility. It may be beneficial to consider this when evaluating cognitive functions in educated individuals who smoke.

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Smoking and academic performance

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Function of cigarette smoking in relation to examinations

Function of cigarette smoking in relation to examinations

Work-related stress in primary health care physicians and hospital physicians in Riyadh Military Hospital

Smokers Versus Non-Smokers: Comparing Cognitive Flexibility and Dyspnea Symptoms in Medical Students

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