Smoking, alcohol, and analgesics in dyspepsia and among dyspepsia subgroups: lack of an association in a community.

Abstract

Dyspepsia is common in the general population, and despite a paucity of data, smoking, alcohol, and analgesics are believed to be important risk factors. Dyspepsia was significantly more common in younger subjects and females. Adjusting for age and gender, paracetamol (odds ratio (OR)=2*2), aspirin (OR=1-8), and smoking (OR=1.5), but not alcohol (OR=0-9), were associated with dyspepsia (all p<0 05). When non-gastrointestinal somatic complaints were included in the logistic models, however, these environmental factors were no longer significant (OR=1-3, 1.1, 1-2 and 0*9, respectively).Similar results were obtained when ulcer-like, dysmotility-like, and reflux-like dyspepsia were considered separately. The results were not significantly changed when subjects with a history of ulcer disease were included in the analyses. Smoking, alcohol, and analgesics may not therefore be important risk factors for dyspepsia in the community.

Clinical and endoscopic evaluation of dyspeptic patients attending a tertiary care hospital in South India: A prospective study

“…7 Talley et al, following a questionnaire study conducted in Minnesota, have reported higher incidence of dyspepsia among younger age groups and females. 8 In our study, no significant difference was noticed in dyspeptic symptoms among different occupational groups. But Sonnenberg and Haas have reported higher incidence of gastric and duodenal ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia among manual labourers in German population.…”

“…Studies have shown that NSAID can provoke dyspepsia, and the incidence was less with COX-2 inhibitors. 12,13 But such a relation was not noticed by Talley et al 8 Epigastric pain and epigastric burning sensation were the main symptoms among our patients. Shah et al found abdominal fullness, abdominal pain, heartburn and belching as the most common symptoms in their study.…”

“…6 But Talley et al did not find smoking and alcohol to be important risk factors with respect to dyspepsia. 8 NSAID consumption was reported in 31% of our patients. Studies have shown that NSAID can provoke dyspepsia, and the incidence was less with COX-2 inhibitors.…”

Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Cardiovascular Disease

“…While not consistently shown in every study [20][21][22], smoking's correlation with an increased upper gastrointestinal symptom prevalence (compared to abstainers) has been demonstrated to exist in a fair number of observational studies [8,20,[23][24][25].…”

“…The finding of higher prevalence rates of upper gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with cardiovascular disease may exist for a number of reasons. First, there are a host of mutual risk factors for developing both cardiovascular disease and upper gastrointestinal symptoms [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Next, patients experiencing both health problems often complain of similar or overlapping symptomatology, potentially resulting in the more frequent surveillance and diagnosis of both [38].…”