Smokeless Tobacco Use is “Replacing” the Smoking Epidemic in the South-East Asia Region

Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader; Sinha, Dhirendra N; Rath, Rama Shankar; Aryal, Krishna Kumar; Zaman, M Mostafa; Gupta, Prakash C.; Karki, Kshitij; Venugopal, Deneshkumar

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntx272

Cited by 46 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…[2,3] Manufactured cigarettes are the most common type of tobacco consumed worldwide but other forms of tobacco such as chewing tobacco in South Asia and shisha smoking (waterpipe) in the Middle East are also quite common in these particular regions. [4,5] Smokeless tobacco (SLT) is also a major risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer as well as increased risk of heart disease. [6,7] South Asians, estimated at one quarter of the world's population, represent one of the highest proportions of the global population that are affected by current and future disease burden due to tobacco consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Use among Male South Asian Migrants in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study

Ali

Loney

Al-Houqani

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The prevalence of tobacco use among South Asian migrants in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has not been evaluated. We examined the prevalence of cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use along with their associated factors among male South Asian migrants in the UAE.Methods A representative sample of South Asian adult migrant males was recruited in Al Ain, UAE in 2012. The sample included Indian (n=433), Pakistani (n=383) and Bangladeshi (n=559) nationalities. Prevalence and measures of association using bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression models were used to identify correlates of tobacco use.ResultsA total of 1.375 South Asian migrant males participated in the study (response rate 76%) with a mean age of 34 years (SD ± 10). The prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 21%, 23% and 37% among participants from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, respectively. The prevalence of current smokeless tobacco use was 6%, 12%, and 16% for Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi participants, respectively. Bangladeshi nationality, hypertension, and alcohol use were significant correlates of current cigarette smoking. Increase in age, less than college level education, alcohol use and Pakistani or Bangladeshi nationality were significant correlates of exposure to smokeless tobacco.Conclusions The high prevalence of cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use in South Asian migrants, highlights the public health burden of tobacco use in migrant populations in the UAE. Public health measures are needed to address tobacco use in migrant population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Use among Male South Asian Migrants in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study

Ali

Loney

Al-Houqani

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The paucity of research and dearth of adequate evidence base on the extent of problem and harmful effects of SLT lead to barriers in effective implementation of SLT control measures by the interested stakeholders 9 . A recent study by Suliankatchi et al 10 reported a shift in the preference of tobacco users from smoking to SLT use in SEAR countries including Bangladesh, India and Nepal. It has been shown that users who start with low-nicotine ‘starter’ products are likely to subsequently ‘graduate’ to products with higher-nicotine content 11 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setting research priorities in smokeless tobacco control: A retrospective review

Gulati¹,

Kumar²,

Dhama³

et al. 2018

Indian J Med Res

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Background & objectives:Smokeless tobacco (SLT) has become a global menace; India being one of the high-burden countries contributes about 67 per cent of its users. Although research is ongoing on various aspects of SLT use and its effects, there is a need to identify the still under-researched areas in this field. This study was aimed at delineating the quantum of research on various topics of SLT, with intent to delineate research gaps for guiding future research priorities.Methods:Data about research in SLT were collected from PubMed database using ‘smokeless tobacco’ as a keyword and applying Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms filter. Data were extracted in XML (Extensible Markup Language) format and parsed into database to extract necessary fields such as PubMed IDs, authors’ names, affiliations and MeSH terms. Quantum of research in various aspects of SLT was identified for individual MeSH terms and compared for global and Indian data.Results:Data analysis of 2857 records revealed that maximum number of articles was devoted to adverse effects (35.6%) followed by epidemiology (32.4%). In comparison, India contributed only 11.7 per cent of records with maximum number of articles on the topics of epidemiology (26%) and adverse effects (45.8%). Higher proportion of research was published on epidemiology, aetiology and prevention and control at global level, while adverse effects of SLT were researched more in Indian studies as compared to global data.Interpretation & conclusions:The present analysis highlighted the paucity of research studies on important topics such as economics and alternative strategies of SLT control, both on the global and regional levels.

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“…It is a misleading advertising by tobacco companies may be responsible for the increase in the SLT prevalence, which is as harmful as smoking (Suliankatchi et al, 2019). Use of smokeless tobacco leads to potentially preventable, global morbidity and mortality diseases.…”

Section: Quantification Of Nicotine and Cotinine In Plasma Saliva Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Nicotine and Cotinine in Plasma, Saliva, and Urine by HPLC Method in Chewing Tobacco Users

Shaik

Nagajothi²,

Kodidela

et al. 2019

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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Background: Nicotine acts as major alkaloid of all tobacco products including smokeless tobacco (SLT) forms. The mode of SLT consumption is in the form of chewing under the cheek or lip and induced biochemical alterations in the plasma, saliva, and urine. Materials and Methods: The smokeless tobacco products like Raja or blue bull tobacco brands are widely consumed by human male volunteers under the age of 18-30 years for the period of 3 years consisting of 30g per day. The concentrations of nicotine and cotinine in samples of plasma, saliva, and urine are quantified by the method of HPLC. The remaining variables of plasma are evaluated by auto analyzer and spectrophotometric methods. Results: The analysis of results presented that significant increase in the levels of nicotine and cotinine in plasma, saliva, and urine of chewing tobacco users. The lipid profile (Cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, and LDL-C), liver marker enzymes (SGOT, SGPT, and ALP), kidney markers (Creatinine, urea, and uric acid), glucose, and the remaining variables are present within normal range observed in SLT users. The lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO) (NO 2 and NO 3 ), protein carbonyls (PCO), and peroxynitrites (ONOO-) are reported to be higher levels in the plasma of experimental subjects in comparison with normal controls. The various brands of tobacco varieties (Raja, madhu chhap, hans chhap, miraj, badshah, blue bull, and swagat gold tobacco) are presented. Conclusion: The chewing tobacco users exhibited greater amounts of nicotine and cotinine are at risk of cardiovascular due to nicotine has cardiovascular effects, and oral cancer disease complications in the future for chronic consumption of smokeless tobacco products due to the presence of carcinogens of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines.

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Smokeless Tobacco Use is “Replacing” the Smoking Epidemic in the South-East Asia Region

Cited by 46 publications

References 11 publications

Cigarette Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Use among Male South Asian Migrants in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study

Cigarette Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Use among Male South Asian Migrants in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study

Setting research priorities in smokeless tobacco control: A retrospective review

Quantification of Nicotine and Cotinine in Plasma, Saliva, and Urine by HPLC Method in Chewing Tobacco Users

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