Smokeless tobacco brand switching: A means to reduce toxicant exposure?

Hatsukami, Dorothy K.; Ebbert, Jon O.; Anderson, Alvin G.; Lin, Haiying; Le, Chap T.; Hecht, Stephen S.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.08.021

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Many studies have been published addressing nicotine dependence measures for smokers; however, research in the field of ST dependence measures is scarce (Heatherton et al, 1991;Mushtaq and Beebe, 2012). Some Research is also needed to xamine the effects of brand switching on levels of nicotine intake and toxicant exposure among ST users (Hatsukami et al, 2007). As KSA is Islamic country, special issues should be considered.…”

Section: Some Recommendations Of Previous Work On St Quittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smokeless Tobacco (Shammah) in Saudi Arabia: A Review of its Pattern of Use, Prevalence, and Potential Role in Oral Cancer

Alsanosy¹

2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Some Recommendations Of Previous Work On St Quittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smokeless Tobacco (Shammah) in Saudi Arabia: A Review of its Pattern of Use, Prevalence, and Potential Role in Oral Cancer

Alsanosy¹

2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…One study examined the effects of switching ST brands on nicotine and toxicant (i.e., tobacco carcinogens) exposure reduction and tobacco cessation (Hatsukami et al, 2007). The other study examined the effects of substituting ST with a tobacco-free snuff …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smokeless tobacco reduction with the nicotine lozenge and behavioral intervention

Ebbert¹,

Edmonds²,

Luo³

et al. 2010

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

on nicotine and toxicant exposure reduction and tobacco cessation (Hatsukami et al., 2008). Significant reductions in nicotine and toxicant exposure were observed with both approaches.Cigarette consumption reduction can be facilitated by the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT; Hughes & Carpenter, 2006). NRT can maintain serum concentrations of nicotine while reducing tobacco exposure (Shiffman, Mason, & Henningfield, 1998). No studies have examined the effects of NRT on ST reduction.The nicotine lozenge is an attractive NRT option for ST users since it can provide oral sensory stimulation (Muramoto, Ranger-Moore, & Leischow, 2003) while providing more nicotine than the nicotine gum (Choi, Dresler, Norton, & Strahs, 2003). We conducted a pilot study to determine if the nicotine lozenge with a behavioral intervention would reduce ST use and toxicant exposure compared with a behavioral intervention alone. We were also interested in determining the potential impact of the lozenge for increasing ST abstinence, number of quit attempts, and duration of tobacco abstinence. Methods Subject recruitmentSubjects were recruited from the Minneapolis, MN, metropolitan area through news media advertisements and flyers. After telephone screening, potential subjects visited our research center to submit informed consent and complete baseline measures. Potential subjects were eligible for enrollment if they were (a) between the ages of 18 and 70 years, (b) interested in reducing ST use but not quitting (i.e., not having an established quit date within the next 90 days), and (c) using ST daily use (≥2 tins per week) for the past 6 months. Tobacco use rate as an inclusion criteria was used to target heavy ST users so that a reduction in toxicant exposure could be observed. Patients were excluded if they had an unstable medical condition or were taking psychotropic medications, other tobacco or nicotine products, or pregnant or lactating. AbstractIntroduction: Studies have evaluated smoking reduction with nicotine replacement therapy to reduce tobacco exposure and facilitate abstinence among cigarette smokers, but none have evaluated a reduction approach in smokeless tobacco (ST) users. Methods:We conducted an open-label pilot study to determine if the 4-mg nicotine lozenge with a behavioral intervention could facilitate ST use reduction among ST users compared with a behavioral intervention alone. Eligible subjects were ST users not interested in quitting. Results:One hundred and two subjects were randomized. Both interventions were associated with significant decreases in ST use and toxicant exposure and with increased abstinence, quit attempts, and duration of abstinence. However, no significant differences were observed between groups for these outcomes.Discussion: A behavioral intervention with or without the nicotine lozenge may be effective for decreasing both ST use and toxicant exposure and for increasing tobacco abstinence, quit attempts, and duration of abstinence. The use of reduction strategies for ST users not int...

show abstract

“…El craving aparece pronto tras la abstinencia y puede mantenerse durante un largo periodo de tiempo, mientras que el S.A. tiene una duración más limitada en el tiempo. Por ejemplo, en el caso del tabaco, el fumador puede experimentar craving pocos minutos después de haber apagado el último cigarrillo o tras años de abstinencia y puede ser producido por estímulos relacionados con la sustancia o estados emocionales (Conklin, Clayton, Tiffany y Shiffman, 2004;Hatsukami, Ebbert, Anderson, Lin, Le y Hecht, 2007).…”

Section: Relevancia Del Constructo Craving En La Adicción Al Tabacounclassified

Aspectos neuropsicológicos del craving por la nicotina

Muñoz¹,

Sanjuan²,

Fernández‐Santaella³

et al. 2011

Adicciones

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Craving has been defined as the motivation to self-administer a substance previously consumed. It has been hypothesized that craving contributes significantly to compulsive drug use and relapse after a period of abstinence in humans. Neuropsychological and brain-imaging studies have identified numerous brain regions that may be involved in craving. In this paper, the neuropsychological mechanisms of craving for nicotine are reviewed, focusing on three systems that appear to be involved in craving states. First of all, the reward system, responsible for the development of dependence and craving. Secondly, the emotional and associative system, which is related to conditioned craving. And third, the system involved in the neural basis of cognitive and decisionmaking processes. The most influential theoretical models on craving are also reviewed, including those based on conditioning mechanisms, on cognitive mechanisms and on cognitive-behavioral mechanisms, as well as the neurobiological model. Factors related to the evaluation and treatment of craving are also discussed, with particular emphasis on clinical aspects. Finally, we stress the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for achieving a common model on craving and improving the diagnostic tools and treatment strategies.Key words: craving, smoking, neuropsychological mechanisms, nicotine dependence, theoretical models. RESUMEN ABSTRACTEl craving se ha definido como la motivación de autoadministrarse una sustancia que previamente ha sido consumida. Se considera que el craving es responsable del consumo compulsivo de una sustancia, así como del alto nivel de recaídas después de periodos de abstinencia. Los estudios neuropsicológicos y de imagen cerebral han identificado numerosas regiones cerebrales implicadas en el craving. En este artículo se revisan los mecanismos neuropsicológicos implicados en el craving por la nicotina, centrándose en los tres sistemas involucrados en el craving. Primero, el sistema de recompensa, responsable del desarrollo de la dependencia y del craving. Segundo, el sistema emocional y asociativo que se relaciona con el craving condicionado. Tercero, el sistema implicado en la toma de decisiones y procesos cognitivos. Además, se revisa los modelos teóri-cos más influyentes, como los Modelos basados en el Condicionamiento, Modelos Cognitivo-Conductuales, Modelos Cognitivos y Modelo Neurobiológico. También se discuten otros aspectos relacionados con la evaluación y tratamiento del craving, haciendo énfasis en los aspectos clínicos. Como conclusión, se acentúa la importancia de un enfoque multidisciplinar para lograr un modelo común del craving, así como para mejorar las herramientas diagnósticas y las estrategias de tratamiento.

show abstract

Smokeless tobacco brand switching: A means to reduce toxicant exposure?

Cited by 26 publications

References 37 publications

Smokeless Tobacco (Shammah) in Saudi Arabia: A Review of its Pattern of Use, Prevalence, and Potential Role in Oral Cancer

Smokeless Tobacco (Shammah) in Saudi Arabia: A Review of its Pattern of Use, Prevalence, and Potential Role in Oral Cancer

Smokeless tobacco reduction with the nicotine lozenge and behavioral intervention

Aspectos neuropsicológicos del craving por la nicotina

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About