Smokeless Tobacco and Its Adverse Effects on Hematological Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background. Smokeless tobacco (SLT) as a drug substance has been used throughout the world although it has dangerous effects on human health. Among the 28 known carcinogens in SLT, tobacco-specific nitrosamines are considered to be the most potent. This has challenged the metabolic condition leading to a rise in the inflammatory status, increased apoptosis, and red blood cell (RBC) membrane damage. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the adverse effects of SLT on hematological parameters and establish a correlation between them. Materials and Methods. A total of 100 subjects (50 SLT users and 50 nonusers) were selected for the study. Complete demographic data and history were taken and clinical examination was done to evaluate any oral mucosal changes. Venous blood samples were taken to analyze the hematological parameters. Results. Significant changes were observed in the complete blood profile in SLT users when compared to nonusers. All the hematological parameters had a negative correlation with form of SLT except for total leucocyte count which had a positive correlation. Conclusion. The current study confers an imperative role into SLT mediated effects on a complete hemogram and might be beneficial in spreading awareness against its usage. It also serves as a forewarning alarm among the population consuming SLT as an alternative to smoking tobacco.

Evaluation of C-reactive protein and hematological parameters in smokeless tobacco users: A comparative cross-sectional study

“…Another important finding from hematological analysis of this study includes a positive relationship between SLT and increased WBC count. Shukla et al 14 in their study also reported that the count of leucocytes were higher in SLT users as compared to non-SLT users with the p value of 0.04, which is comparable with the findings of our study. A study performed by Alamgir et al 15 in Karachi indicated that gene-environment contact is a significant factor, as the chewable types of tobacco are held in the oral pouch for a long time, resulting in increased exposure of the mucosa to carcinogens.…”

“…SLT ingredients disrupt individuals’ cellular metabolism that contributes to shape changes and scale which have enormous consequences in terms of health maintenance. 14 In the present study, consumption of SLT has shown an adverse effect on CRP and changes in hematological parameters revealed association with SLT and had systemic adverse effects on the blood profile.…”

Effect of vitamin C supplementation on hematological parameters in smokeless tobacco chewers

“…It suggested that tobacco chewers had vitamin de iciency due to nicotine-induced oxidative stress. Whereas another study reported a signi icant decrease in the level of MCV in tobacco users (Dass et al, 2013;Shukla et al, 2019). In the present study, MCH and MCHC level did not show a signi icant change in tobacco chewers as compared to controls.…”

“…In the present study, MCH and MCHC level did not show a signi icant change in tobacco chewers as compared to controls. However, some previous studies reported that the MCH level was found to be signi icantly increased in their studies (Dass et al, 2013;Biswas et al, 2015;Shukla et al, 2019).…”

Smokeless Tobacco Enhance Allergic Inflammation, Exacerbation of Asthma and Oxidative Stress in Asthmatic Patients from Algeria

“…Nicotine as an element present in all tobacco products might alter the suprarenal glands to produce more catecholamine [29], which may in uence leukocytosis causing damage and in ammation to tissues [30].…”