Smoke production in the cone calorimeter and the room fire test

Östman, Birgit; Tsantaridis, Lazaros

doi:10.1016/0379-7112(91)90011-m

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, such approaches rightly emphasize that a small fire results in less smoke than a large one. In some studies, reasonable correlations are reported between the smoke production in the cone calorimeter and in full-scale tests [51]. These results were obtained when a limited number of very different materials, such as expanded polystyrene, particle board and gypsum board were compared, and demonstrate that the smoke measurements are not completely arbitrary.…”

Section: Co and Smoke Productionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Development of fire‐retarded materials—Interpretation of cone calorimeter data

2007

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SUMMARYThere is little consensus within the fire science community on interpretation of cone calorimeter data, but there is a significant need to screen new flammability modified materials using the cone calorimeter. This article is the result of several discussions aiming to provide guidance in the use and interpretation of cone calorimetry for those directly involved with such measurements. This guidance is essentially empirical, and is not intended to replace the comprehensive scientific studies that already exist. The guidance discusses the fire scenario with respect to applied heat flux, length scale, temperature, ventilation, anaerobic pyrolysis and set-up represented by the cone calorimeter. The fire properties measured in the cone calorimeter are discussed, including heat release rate and its peak, the mass loss and char yield, effective heat of combustion and combustion efficiency, time to ignition and CO and smoke production together with deduced quantities such as FIGRA and MARHE. Special comments are made on the use of the cone calorimeter relating to sample thickness, textiles, foams and intumescent materials, and the distance of the cone heater from the sample surface. Finally, the relationship between cone calorimetry data and other tests is discussed.

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Section: Co and Smoke Productionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Development of fire‐retarded materials—Interpretation of cone calorimeter data

2007

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“…It is a function of optical properties of smoke, type of light transmitted by the given object (emitted or reflected), type of lighting of the premise by external light sources and initial contrast of the object [23][24][25][26][27]. Experimental works of Jin, Rasbash et al allowed finding a relation between the extinction coefficient K s and the visibility range W in smoke [23,28,29]:…”

Section: Name Of Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Smoke Emission Properties of Floor Covering Materials of Furnished Apartments in a Building

Półka

Szajewska

2020

IJERPH

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The paper presents results of tests related to smoke optical density conducted on four various textile floor coverings for the needs of building interior design. Smoke emission is one of basic elements that characterize the fire environment. Consequently, the objective of the paper was to carry out a comparative analysis of smoke generation of chosen floor coverings for selected thermal exposures and in the presence or absence of a stimulus igniting the volatile gaseous phase (pilot flame). For the needs of our experimental research use was made of polypropylene, polyester, composite of wool, cotton, viscose and polyamide floor coverings. The highest value of the maximum specific optical density of smoke (494.7) was recorded for the floor covering consisting of 100% polypropylene (with higher fiber) under flameless combustion conditions (without the pilot flame). The polypropylene floor covering without underlay proved to be the best material from among all the tested ones with respect to smoke generating properties, and its samples offered the lowest value of optical density after 4 min for testing variants without the application of a pilot burner, with the flammable phase of decomposition products of this sample during the testing in which the burner was used to ignite at the latest. Experimental research has been carried out based on the standard ISO 5659–2:2017–08. The tests results were compared with international optical smoke density requirements for the interior design of ships and trains.

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“…Wyznaczone wartooeci SEA i parametrów pochodnych dotycz¹ce wielu materia³ów, w tym materia³ów impregnowanych ogniochronnie, mebli tapicerowanych i innych wyrobów podano w pracach [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Poch³aniaj¹ca Oewiat³o Powierzchnia Cz¹stek Dymu Powsta³ych unclassified

The analysis of visibility range in smoke generated during combustion of polyester materials

Konecki¹,

Półka

2006

Polimery

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Analiza zasiêgu widzialnooeci w dymie powsta³ym w czasie spalania materia³ów poliestrowychStreszczenie -W artykule analizowano zmiany zasiêgu widzialnooeci w dymie powsta³ym w czasie rozk³adu termicznego i spalania materia³ów poliestrowych (PES) w uk³adzie pomieszczenie-korytarz podczas I fazy rozwoju po¿aru. Badano wp³yw wartooeci gêstooeci zewnêtrznego strumienia ciep³a oraz oerodków ogniochronnych na przebieg zmian w czasie zasiêgu widzialnooeci w dymie i jako jednego z mo¿liwych kryteriów oceny mo¿liwooeci ewakuacji ludzi z budynków objêtych po¿arem u¿yto, czasów krytycznych redukcji zasiêgu widzialnooeci (tabela 3). Do materia³ów poliestrowych zastosowano oerodki ogniochronne MoO 3 oraz Sb 2 O 3 w ilooeci 14 % mas. Najwiêksz¹ szybkooeae emisji dymu (SEA oer ) otrzymano w przypadku PES z dodatkiem 14 % mas. Sb 2 O 3 , mniejsz¹ zaoe w przypadku PES z 14 % mas. MoO3 oraz PES niemodyfikowanego. Obliczenia redukcji zasiêgu widzialnooeci w modelowym uk³adzie pomieszczenie-korytarz, wskazuj¹ na najszybsz¹ redukcjê zasiêgu widzialnooeci w dymie podczas spalania materia³ów PES z 14 % mas. MoO3. S³owa kluczowe: zasiêg widzialnooeci w dymie, spalanie materia³ów poliestrowych, powierzchnia ekstynkcji w³aoeciwej, czasy krytyczne bezpiecznej ewakuacji. THE ANALYSIS OF VISIBILITY RANGE IN SMOKE GENERATED DURING COMBUSTION OF POLYESTER MATERIALSSummary -The changes in visibility range in smoke generated during thermal decomposition and combustion of polyester materials (PES) in the model scheme: room-corridor (Fig. 1), during 1 st stage of a fire development, were analyzed. The effects of external heat flux density and flame-retardants on the course of changes of visibility range in smoke versus time ( Fig. 5-8) were investigated. Critical time of visibility reduction (Table 3) has been used as one of possible criteria of assessment of possibility of people evacuation. MoO3 or Sb2O3 were used as flame-retardants in amount of 14 wt. %. The largest average value of specific extinction area (SEAoer) of smoke was determined for PES containing 14 wt. % of Sb2O3 and lower for PES containing 14 wt. % of MoO3 and unmodified one. The calculation of visibility range reduction in the model scheme: room-corridor indicated the fastest visibility range reduction in smoke for the combustion of PES containing 14 wt. % of MoO3. Key words: visibility range in smoke, combustion of polyester materials, specific extinction area, critical times of safe evacuation.

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Smoke production in the cone calorimeter and the room fire test

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Development of fire‐retarded materials—Interpretation of cone calorimeter data

Development of fire‐retarded materials—Interpretation of cone calorimeter data

Smoke Emission Properties of Floor Covering Materials of Furnished Apartments in a Building

The analysis of visibility range in smoke generated during combustion of polyester materials

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