Smoke Hazard Assessment of Cypress Wood Coated with Boron/Silicon Sol Compounds

Abstract

In this study, boron/silicon sol compounds were applied to wood for construction and durable materials, and fire risks were investigated in terms of smoke performance index (SPI), smoke growth index (SGI), and smoke intensity (SI). The compound was synthesized by reacting tetraethoxyorthosilicate with boric acid and boronic acid derivatives. Smoke characteristics were investigated using a cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1) equipment for cypress wood. The fire intensity fixed the external heat flux at 50 kW/m<sup>2</sup>. The smoke performance index measured after the combustion reaction increased between 13.4% and 126.7% compared with cypress wood. The fire risk due to the smoke performance index decreased in the order of cypress, phenylboronic acid/silicon sol (PBA/Si), (2-methylpropyl) boronic acid/silicon sol (IBBA/Si), boric acid/silicon sol (BA/Si). The smoke growth index decreased between 12.0% and 57.5% compared to the base specimen. The risk of fire caused by the smoke growth index decreased in the order of cypress, PBA/Si, IBBA/Si, BA/Si. The fire risk due to smoke intensity decreased between 3.2% and 57.8%, and in the order of cypress, PBA/Si, IBBA/Si, BA/Si. CO<sub>peak</sub> concentrations ranged between 85 and 93 ppm, and decreased between 37% and 43% compared to the base specimen. A comprehensive assessment of the fire risk on smoke hazards decreased in the order of cypress, PBA/Si, IBBA/Si, BA/Si.

Synthesis of a silicon‐containing cyclotriphosphazene derivative for flame‐retardant modification of epoxy resin

“…Figure 5(d),(e) shows the curves of mass loss and CO production rate during cone calorimetry tests. The continued mass loss and CO production after flameout indicate the presence of an afterglow and thermo‐oxidation of the residues 39 . Therefore, the char yields both at flameout (CY 1 ) and at the end of the test (CY 2 ) are listed in Table 5 for comparison.…”

Effect of Radiation Deterioration on Class 1E Cable Fire

“…열방출률과 유사하게 Non-IR 케이블은 최대 연기발생률에 도달 후 급격히 감소하여 일정한 값을 유지하였으며, IR 케 이블의 경우 최대 연기발생률에 도달 후 300 s대에서 일시 적으로 증가하다 다시 감소 후 700 s 이후에 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였다. Char층은 열 침투와 열분해를 막는 역할을 하여 연기발생률을 저하시킨다(20) . 그러나 방사선 조사에 따른 난연제의 성능변화로 인하여 Char층이 불안정하게 형 성됨으로써 연기발생률에도 영향을 주었다고 판단된다.…”

Effect of Heat Transfer on Weighing Devices in Cone Calorimeter

“…또한 MLR의 부정확한 측정은 연료 1 kg/s의 소모율에 대한 연소 생성물의 생성률 (kg/s)로 표현되는 CO, CO 2 및 Soot yield (kg/kg)의 오차를 가져올 수 있다 (Mun et al, 2019). 이 외에도 피난 및 난연성 평가에서 MLR의 정보가 활용되는 연기지수로서, 연기의 감쇠면적(Extinction area of smoke, m 2 /s)과 연기의 생성과 연관된 시편의 MLR (kg/s)의 비로 표현되는 비감쇠면적 (Specific extinction area, m 2 /kg)이 있다 (Jin and Chung, 2020). 따라서 MLR의 정확한 측정은 가연물의 기초 연소물 성 뿐만 아니라 재료의 난연성 및 피난 안전성 평가의 신뢰성 에 강화에 매우 중요함을 충분히 인지할 수 있다.…”