Smoke‐free laws and bar revenues in California – the last call

Cowling, D. C.; Bond, Philip

doi:10.1002/hec.1016

Cited by 54 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, Scottish nonsmokers reported more pub patronage after the smoke-free law, which is consistent with another report showing no overall change in the frequency of pub patronage but some increases among nonsmokers and some decreases among smokers ( Hyland et al, 2008 ). These empirical results from the present study are similar to those demonstrating that smoke-free policies do not have an adverse economic impact on the hospitality sector ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004 ;Cowling & Bond, 2005 ;Hirasuna, 2006 ;Ludbrook, Bird, & van Teijlingen, 2004 ;Scollo, Lal, Hyland, & Glantz, 2003 ;Smoke Free Europe Partnership, n.d. ;Thomson & Wilson, 2006 ). Although some people may decrease their spending in pubs and restaurants, others may increase their spending, yielding no discernable net effect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Longitudinal evaluation of smoke-free Scotland on pub and home drinking behavior: Findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project

McKee¹,

Higbee²,

O'Malley³

et al. 2009

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Introduction: On 26 March 2006, Scotland implemented a smoke-free policy prohibiting smoking in indoor public venues, including bars and pubs. Drinking and smoking are highly associated behaviors, so we evaluated whether the regulations would decrease drinking behavior among smokers in public venues. We further assessed whether this effect would be more pronounced in heavier drinkers and whether decreases in drinking behavior in pubs would be offset by increased drinking in the home.Methods: Participants ( N = 1,059) were adult smokers and nonsmokers from Scotland and from the rest of the United Kingdom, which did not have comprehensive smoke-free policies during the study period. Data were collected using a random-digit -dialed telephone survey from February to March 2006, just prior to the policy implementation in Scotland. Follow-up surveys were conducted in March 2007. Using baseline data, we categorized participants as abstainers, moderate drinkers, or heavy drinkers. Results:Overall, results demonstrated that drinking behavior did not change signifi cantly in Scotland compared with the rest of the United Kingdom following implementation of the smokefree policy in Scotland. However, planned comparisons examining mean changes in drinks consumed in pubs or bars following the legislation demonstrated that the smoke-free legislation was associated with reduced drinking behavior in pubs and bars among moderate-and heavy-drinking smokers in Scotland. These moderate-and heavy-drinking Scottish smokers also reduced their pub attendance following policy implementation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Longitudinal evaluation of smoke-free Scotland on pub and home drinking behavior: Findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project

McKee¹,

Higbee²,

O'Malley³

et al. 2009

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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“…California was one of the first states to promulgate comprehensive clean indoor air laws, first for restaurants in 1995 and then for bars in 1998. Subsequent economic analysis of tax revenue data from 1990 to 2002 indicate an increase in revenues for both restaurants and bars and that any reduction in revenue from smokers was offset by the increased presence of nonsmokers in the same establishments (23). Similar effects were seen in New York City in response to the 1995 Smoke-Free Air Act, with an increase in taxable sales from both eating and drinking establishments and hotels (37).…”

Section: Economic Impactmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Diffusion and Impact of Clean Indoor Air Laws

Eriksen

Cerak

2008

Annu. Rev. Public Health

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Over the past quarter century, primarily as a result of scientific discovery, citizen advocacy, and legislative action, comprehensive clean indoor air laws have spread rapidly throughout the world. Laws that establish completely smoke-free indoor environments have many relative advantages including being low cost, safe, effective, and easy to implement. The diffusion of these laws has been associated with a dramatic and rapid reduction in population levels of serum cotinine among nonsmokers and has also contributed to a reduction in overall cigarette consumption among smokers, with no adverse economic impact, except to the tobacco industry. Currently, nearly half of the U.S. population lives in jurisdictions with some combination of completely smoke-free workplaces, restaurants, or bars. The diffusion of clean indoor air laws is spreading rapidly throughout the world, stimulated by the first global health treaty, the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.

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“…Stanwick et al, 1988;Luk et al, 2006), and in particular the United States (e.g. Cowling and Bond, 2005;Adams and Cotti, 2007), where smoking prevalence -and hence also the likely effects on the hospitality industry -is significantly lower than in many European countries; see the country profiles provided in (World Health Organization, 2008) 2 . Yet, as of now, there is still little evidence for European countries, which only recently enacted public smoking bans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Much Ado About Nothing? Smoking Bans and Germany’s Hospitality Industry

Kvasnicka

Tauchmann

2010

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in

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Smoke‐free laws and bar revenues in California – the last call

Cited by 54 publications

References 9 publications

Longitudinal evaluation of smoke-free Scotland on pub and home drinking behavior: Findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project

Longitudinal evaluation of smoke-free Scotland on pub and home drinking behavior: Findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project

The Diffusion and Impact of Clean Indoor Air Laws

Much Ado About Nothing? Smoking Bans and Germany’s Hospitality Industry

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