Smile dimensions affect self-perceived smile attractiveness

Horn, Simone; Matuszewska, Natalia; Gkantidis, Nikolaos; Verna, Carlalberta; Kanavakis, Georgios

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-82478-9

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Hagai Miron et al (15) studied subjects from 20 to 40 years old showed that the prevalence of gummy smiles in women was 2.5 times higher than in men. Thus there is a concordance in the gummy smile prevalence reported in literature (5). In addition, the percentage of women interested in smile esthetic is higher than that of men, which also contributes to the severe discrepancy in gender distribution.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

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Efficacy of combining clinical crown lengthening surgery and botulinum toxin A injection in gummy smile treatment

Ho¹,

Nguyen²,

Dien³

et al. 2022

J. Exp. Clin. Med.

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In many cases, the cause of a gummy smile is a combination of many simultaneously occurring factors. Therefore, a single method is certainly not effective in achieving the maximum aesthetic requirements. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of combining clinical tooth crown lengthening surgery and subsequent BTX-A injection in gummy smile treatment using clinical and photographical assessment. 21 patients with an average length of excessive gingival display of at least 4 mm at maximum smiling point and with the height of keratinized gingiva ≥ 3 mm were recruited. Gingival exposure (GE) and clinical crown length (CCL) were measured at baseline (T0), two months after clinical crown lengthening surgery (T1), two weeks after BTX-A injection (T2), two months after BTX-A injection (T3). GE values at T1, T2 and T3 were significantly different (p <0.001). CCL was significantly changed after gingivectomy surgery (T1) compared to preoperative value (T0) (p <0.001). BTX-A could be considered a favorable adjunctive treatment for gummy smile patients after gingivectomy surgery.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Otherwise, it can be considered a gummy smile (GS), which is considered less aesthetic (4). According to a study in 2021 by Horn et al, the GS rate can be approximately 31% (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of combining clinical crown lengthening surgery and botulinum toxin A injection in gummy smile treatment

Ho¹,

Nguyen²,

Dien³

et al. 2022

J. Exp. Clin. Med.

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show abstract

“…When it comes to the attractiveness of the smile, however, teeth play a much more notable role. The amount of tooth and gingival exposure, the presence of black triangles and occlusal cants have all been related to smile attractiveness [ 14 , 46 , 47 ], in addition to tooth-related factors, such as the dimensions of the smile and the thickness of the lips [ 46 , 48 – 50 ]. The potential impact that orthodontic treatment has on many of those features explains the significant effect on the attractiveness of the smile detected by the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of orthodontic treatment on smile attractiveness: a systematic review

Coppola

Christopoulou²,

Gkantidis³

et al. 2023

Prog Orthod.

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Background Smile attractiveness is a primary factor for patients to seek orthodontic treatment, however, there is yet no systematic evaluation of this topic in the literature. Objectives To assess the current evidence on the effect of orthodontic treatment on smile attractiveness. Search methods Seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Embase) were searched on 14 September 2022. Selection criteria Studies evaluating smile attractiveness before and after orthodontic treatment or only after completion of orthodontic treatment. Data collection and analysis Extracted data included study design and setting, sample size and demographics, malocclusion type, treatment modality and method for outcome assessment. Risk of bias was assessed with the ROBINS-I tool for non-randomised studies. Random-effects meta-analyses of mean differences and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were planned a priori. Methods After elimination of duplicate studies, data extraction and risk of bias assessment according to the Cochrane guidelines, an evaluation of the overall evidence was performed. The included studies were evaluated based on the characteristics of their study and control groups and based on their main research question. Also, all outcome measures were standardized into a common assessment scale (0–100), in order to obtain more easily interpretable results. Results Ten studies were included in this review, nine of which were assessed as being at serious risk of bias and one at moderate risk of bias. The large heterogeneity between the included studies did not allow for a meta-analysis. Orthodontic treatment has a moderately positive effect on smile attractiveness. When compared to no treatment, orthodontic treatment with premolar extractions improves smile attractiveness by 22%. Also, surgical correction of Class III cases increases smile attractiveness by 7.5% more than camouflage treatment. No other significant differences were shown between different types of treatment. Conclusion Based on the available data, orthodontic treatment seems to moderately improve the attractiveness of the smile. There is significant bias in the current literature assessing the effect of orthodontics on smile attractiveness; therefore, the results cannot be accepted with certainty.

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“…The appearance of a smile plays a fundamental role in judging the attractiveness of a face [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Such a linkage has been extensively investigated by many scientific studies aimed at evaluating the perception of smile aesthetics based on the characteristics of the occlusion as well as on the make-up of the examining population [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clear Aligners and Smart Eye Tracking Technology as a New Communication Strategy between Ethical and Legal Issues

Putrino

Marinelli

Raso

et al. 2023

Life

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Smart eye-tracking technology (SEET) that determines visual attention using smartphones can be used to determine the aesthetic perception of different types of clear aligners. Its value as a communication and comprehension tool, in addition to the ethical and legal concerns which it entails, can be assessed. One hundred subjects (50 F, 50 M; age range 15–70) were equally distributed in non-orthodontic (A) and orthodontic (B) groups. A smartphone-based SEET app assessed their knowledge of and opinions on aligners. Subjects evaluated images of smiles not wearing aligners, with/without attachments and with straight/scalloped gingival margins, as a guided calibration step which formed the image control group. Subsequently, the subjects rated the same smiles, this time wearing aligners (experimental images group). Questionnaire data and average values for each group of patients, and images relating to fixation times and overall star scores, were analyzed using these tests: chi-square, t-test, Mann–Whitney U, Spearman’s rho, and Wilcoxon (p < 0.05). One-way ANOVA and related post-hoc tests were also applied. Orthodontic patients were found to be better informed than non-orthodontic patients. Aesthetic perception could be swayed by several factors. Attachments scored lower in aesthetic evaluation. Lips distracted attention from attachments and improved evaluations. Attachment-free aligners were better rated overall. A more thorough understanding as to the opinions, expectations and aesthetic perception of aligners can improve communication with patients. Mobile SEET is remarkably promising, although it does require a careful medicolegal risk–benefit assessments for responsible and professional use.

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Smile dimensions affect self-perceived smile attractiveness

Cited by 17 publications

References 48 publications

Efficacy of combining clinical crown lengthening surgery and botulinum toxin A injection in gummy smile treatment

Efficacy of combining clinical crown lengthening surgery and botulinum toxin A injection in gummy smile treatment

The effect of orthodontic treatment on smile attractiveness: a systematic review

Clear Aligners and Smart Eye Tracking Technology as a New Communication Strategy between Ethical and Legal Issues

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