Smell disorders associated with COVID-19 infection

El‐Anwar, Mohammad Waheed; Mohamed, Sherif Mamdoh; Sweed, Ahmed Hassan

doi:10.1186/s43163-021-00095-9

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) recognized the symptomatic and biological likeness of the novel coronavirus with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) ( Al Noman et al, 2021 ). In this sense, the COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is part of the variety of viruses associated to severe acute respiratory syndrome ( Drosten et al, 2003 ; El-Anwar, Mohamed, & Sweed, 2021 ). Until the present moment, two serious disease outbreaks related to SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have been reported in China (2002–2003) and in the Middle East (2012), respectively ( Al Noman et al, 2021 ; Zaki, van Boheemen, Bestebroer, Osterhaus, & Fouchier, 2012 ; Zhong et al, 2003 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidences and perspectives of the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as adjuvants for prevention and treatment of COVID-19: A bibliometric analysis and systematic review

Xavier-Santos

Padilha

Fabiano

et al. 2022

Trends in Food Science & Technology

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Background Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease transmitted by the virus responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Scope and approach This review aimed to provide insights and perspectives for the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics related to prevention/treatment and/or modulation of the microbiota in COVID-19 patients. Eighty-four studies published in the Scopus database from the onset of the pandemic until December 2021 were assessed and submitted to a bibliometric analysis adapted from VOSviewer software. Key findings and conclusions Through bibliometric analysis, it might be suggested that the modulation of the gut/lung microbiome is promising as an adjuvant for the prevention/treatment of COVID-19 patients, due to immunomodulation properties related to probiotics and prebiotics. So far, few clinical studies involving the application of probiotics to combat COVID-19 have been completed, but reduction in the duration of the disease and the severity of symptoms as fatigue, olfactory dysfunction and breathlessness, nausea and vomiting and other gastrointestinal symptoms were some of the main findings. However, probiotics are not recommended to immunocompromised patients in corticosteroid therapy. The future perspectives point to the modulation of the intestinal microbiota by probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics represent a promising adjuvant approach for improving the health of patients with COVID-19.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidences and perspectives of the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as adjuvants for prevention and treatment of COVID-19: A bibliometric analysis and systematic review

Xavier-Santos

Padilha

Fabiano

et al. 2022

Trends in Food Science & Technology

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“…In addition to the predisposing factors above, an example of a current post-viral olfactory loss is olfactory impairment in COVID-19 patients, where respiratory and nasal olfactory cells express the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein, which is used by the COVID-19 virus to infect cells or direct infection to the olfactory bulb [ 26 ]. Smell dysfunction in COVID-19 was reported in around 50% [ 27 , 28 ] and up to 89.23% of individuals [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A higher incidence of anosmia in males [ 23 ] is proposed to be caused by the estradiol hormone which can play a protective role in the inflammatory process of olfactory function in female [ 9 ], but numerous studies also reported that olfactory dysfunction would likely persist in females [ 8 , 10 , 28 , 29 ]. Nasal congestion: Nasal obstruction was prevalent in around 20% [ 27 , 30 ] and up to 67.8% of COVID-19 patients [ 4 ]. It is believed that nasal congestion causes “conductive” olfactory disorders due to coronavirus infection [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impaired olfaction post-coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review of smell recovery predictive factors

Utomo

Iswarini

2022

Egypt J Otolaryngol

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Background The devastating coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic seemed not yet to cease. Numerous studies regarding its typical sign and symptoms have been done, presenting one of the most promising predictors of the infection: olfactory dysfunction. Although not life-threatening, the symptom could decrease one’s quality of life, especially if persistent throughout their entire life. Among the countless literature regarding loss of smell, only limited studies denote predictors of smell recovery. This systematic review aimed to bridge the knowledge gap of olfactory impairment prevalence and recovery predictors in people with COVID-19. Methods This review was carried out through journal databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and medRxiv. Literature published from 2020 to 2022 that complied with the inclusion and exclusion criteria was retrieved, scanned for duplicates with Zotero, and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols 2020 (PRISMA) guidelines. Results Of the 2243 studies, seven were assessed with the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST) to analyze the risk of bias, which five cohort studies deemed relevant. Olfactory dysfunction, olfactory recovery, and its predictive factors are noted. This review is registered in PROSPERO (Registration Number CRD42022318412). Conclusions No clinical markers predicted the recovery of olfactory dysfunction, but patients who are more likely to recover are associated with younger age, female sex, and having COVID-19-related symptoms such as nasal congestion and trigeminal sensation. Modifiable factors are still dubious in predicting the olfaction recovery.

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“…Thus, it is worth studying the smell dysfunctions and different ENT manifestations of such a novel virus and there is a demand to know and define, with more precision, the smell dysfunction epidemiology and characteristics in COVID-19. 1 Many studies [2][3][4][5][6] appeared in the last year, in a trial to discover and define the solid criteria for COVID-19 related anosmia. However, behavior among anosmic patients showed a large diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anosmia in COVID-19 Patients: Can We Predict the Severity of Chest Manifestations?

Hendawy

El‐Anwar

El-Ghamry

et al. 2023

Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Introduction Anosmia is one of the common symptoms of COVID-19, the link between severity of chest infection and anosmia was investigated by few studies. Objectives To find an association between anosmia and severity of chest infection. Methods An analysis of patients admitted to isolation hospital of our university with confirmed polymerase chain reaction positive testing for COVID-19, between March 2021 until September 2021. We called all patients who reported anosmia during their time of illness and asked them about anosmia. We examined their chest CT. A statistical analysis was done. Results A total of 140 patients completed the study; 65% were female and 56.4% had complete anosmia. Anosmia was significantly associated with loss of taste. Smell returned in 92.5% of anosmic patients. Duration of smell loss was ∼ 2 weeks in 40.5%. The most common symptoms associated with anosmia were running nose, sore throat, fever, and cough. Loss of smell was significantly associated with mild chest disease. 73.4% of anosmic patients had mild chest infection, 21.5% of them had moderate infection, and 5.1% had severe chest infection. Conclusion The pattern of anosmia in COVID-19 patients has some common similarities in general; the way it starts, the associated symptoms, the time until smell returns and, the most important, the severity of chest infection. As anosmia is significantly associated with mild chest infection. the presence of anosmia could be an independent predictor of good COVID-19 outcome as reflected by a lower disease severity and less frequent ICU admissions.

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Smell disorders associated with COVID-19 infection

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Evidences and perspectives of the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as adjuvants for prevention and treatment of COVID-19: A bibliometric analysis and systematic review

Evidences and perspectives of the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as adjuvants for prevention and treatment of COVID-19: A bibliometric analysis and systematic review

Impaired olfaction post-coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review of smell recovery predictive factors

Anosmia in COVID-19 Patients: Can We Predict the Severity of Chest Manifestations?

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