Smell and Taste Impairment After Total Laryngectomy

Riva, Giuseppe; Sensini, Matteo; Corvino, Andrea; Pecorari, Giancarlo; Garzaro, Massimiliano

doi:10.1177/0003489417709794

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The results of the olfactory threshold and identification tests and the time from laryngectomy to the start of rehabilitation were not correlated. Hiroto et al, 26 Miani et al, 27 and Riva et al 28 reported that the olfactory clefts, olfactory epithelia, and olfactory mucosa of laryngectomy patients with olfactory dysfunction were degenerated or atrophied. Karaoglu et al 29 reported greater nasal passage patency in the patient group (who underwent total laryngectomy more than 2 years previously) than in the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Nasal Airflow‐Inducing Maneuver in Laryngectomy Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Ishikawa

Suzuki

Yanagi³

et al. 2020

The Laryngoscope

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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the nasal airflow‐inducing maneuver (NAIM) using the Sniffin' Sticks (Burghart, Wedel, Germany) olfactory threshold test, Open Essence (OE, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Osaka, Japan) olfactory identification test, and self‐administered odor questionnaire (SAOQ) for olfactory perception in NAIM experienced and NAIM first‐time groups. For NAIM first‐time group, the relationships between time from laryngectomy to first NAIM, olfactory threshold, and identification ability were also evaluated. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Sixty‐six patients who had undergone laryngectomy (NAIM experienced group: 23; NAIM first‐time group: 43) underwent the threshold test, OE, and SAOQ. Results Mean results of the threshold test were 2.7 (±2.3) and 2.5 (±3.0) for the NAIM experienced and NAIM first‐time groups, respectively, indicating no significant differences (P = .35). The mean number of correct responses in OE was 4.5 (±2.7) and 3.2 (±3.0) in the NAIM experienced and nonrehabilitation groups, respectively, indicating a higher number in the NAIM experienced group (P = .06). Mean result of SAOQ was 47.9% (±30.9%) and 25.5% (±27.0%) in the NAIM experienced and NAIM first‐time groups, respectively, indicating a significantly higher result in the NAME experienced group (P = .003). There were no correlations of threshold test and identification test scores with time from laryngectomy to the first NAIM (threshold test: r = 0.03, P = .87; OE: r = −0.03, P = .87). Conclusion NAIM enabled odor perception in patients who underwent laryngectomy, and SAOQ was an effective method for evaluating this. Further, olfactory tests in both groups showed that NAIM might restore olfaction irrespective of time elapsed since laryngectomy. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 130: 2013–2018, 2020

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Nasal Airflow‐Inducing Maneuver in Laryngectomy Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Ishikawa

Suzuki

Yanagi³

et al. 2020

The Laryngoscope

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“…Such an aggressive approach improved both locoregional control and survival compared with RTX alone (38,39), but these flattering results were achieved at the price of significant functional morbidity. The inevitable sequelae of total laryngectomy include a permanent tracheostomy and the loss of natural voice; furthermore, patients are at risk of developing rare complications such as alterations in swallowing ability or olfactory changes due to loss of nasal airflow, as well as taste disorders, that often result in psychological disturbances and social embarrassment (40)(41)(42).…”

Section: Induction Chemotherapy and Laryngeal/hypopharyngeal Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Slippery Role of Induction Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer: Myth and Reality

Ferrari

Ghi

Franzese³

et al. 2020

Front. Oncol.

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Chemoradiotherapy as an alternative to surgery can be offered to patients affected by loco-regionally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC). Induction chemotherapy is a valid option, supported by few positive trials, but its real efficacy is still a matter of debate. The standard regimen for induction chemotherapy in Europe is a combination of docetaxel (75 mg/m 2) and reduced dose doses of cisplatin (75 mg/m 2) and 5-fluorouracil (750 mg/m 2 day, for five consecutive days) (TPF). It is less toxic and more effective than the historical therapy PF (cisplatin 100 mg/m 2 and fluorouracil 1,000 mg/m 2 /day for five consecutive days). However, in some studies treatment-related mortality has been reported to be as high as 6%. Therefore, some less toxic combinations, such as a modified TPF regimen and the combination of carboplatin plus paclitaxel have been studied. These regimens are showing promising results but deserve further validation in comparative trials. Furthermore, several trials are underway in order to enhance TPF with immune checkpoints inhibitors. Compared to chemoradiotherapy, induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation was shown to be non-inferior, and it could decrease the distant metastatic progression, especially in high-risk populations. For selected patients, induction chemotherapy could be a strong option. The chemoselective process that leads to immediate surgery for non-responders, the high response rate (complete responses are sometimes observed), and the survival data, are all arguments in favor of induction chemotherapy, if performed in experienced centers involving health professionals in the context of a skilled multidisciplinary team.

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“…lost after trauma [16,18,19] or certain types of cancer [20][21][22][23]. Furthermore, the early olfactory deficit in AD [24] has been shown to be a strong predictor of the progression of dementia [25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Sensory Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impairment in these senses can appear early in HNC patients and progressively become more severe in the long-term period [146]. Laryngeal cancer patients which are best treated by total laryngectomy, based on removal of the nasal neuroepithelium, suffer from hyposmia and gustatory alteration [21,147]. In normal conditions the olfactory receptors are not considered as potential contributors in cancerogenesis, but their physiological capability in binding to organic compounds and the subsequent signal transduction essential for survival or migratory events could support their involvement in fostering cancer cells [148][149][150].…”

Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfaction, among the First Senses to Develop and Decline

Brai¹,

Albèri²

2018

Sensory Nervous System

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Olfaction is one of the most conserved senses across species. It plays a crucial role in animals' and humans' life by influencing food intake, reproduction and social behavior. The olfactory system is composed of a peripheral neuroepithelium and a central olfactory nerve and is one of the few central nervous system (CNS) structures with direct access to the external environment without passage through the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). This makes this nerve system of importance for understanding how exogenous stimuli may contribute to neuronal damage as well as for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Interestingly, olfactory activity physiologically declines with aging, but its alteration can be further impaired by various neurological conditions. For example, in progressive neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), olfaction is the first sense to be impaired before the onset of cognitive symptoms, suggesting that olfactory transmission may characterize early neural network imbalances. In this work, we will explore the main olfactory anatomical structures, the cytoarchitecture, the neurogenesis, several pathological conditions characterized by olfactory deficit and the potential use of this sense to diagnose and treat CNS pathologies.

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Smell and Taste Impairment After Total Laryngectomy

Abstract: Total laryngectomy determines olfactory and gustatory impairments that should be taken into account in clinical practice. Relationships between sensorial alterations, aging, follow-up period, and adjuvant treatments should be further evaluated in prospective studies.

Cited by 29 publications

References 31 publications

Efficacy of Nasal Airflow‐Inducing Maneuver in Laryngectomy Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Efficacy of Nasal Airflow‐Inducing Maneuver in Laryngectomy Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

The Slippery Role of Induction Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer: Myth and Reality

Olfaction, among the First Senses to Develop and Decline

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