Smartphone detection of antibiotic resistance using convective PCR and a lateral flow assay

Rajendran, Vinoth Kumar; Bakthavathsalam, Padmavathy; Bergquist, Peter L.; Sunna, Anwar

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2019.126849

Cited by 44 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Smartphones can digitally record, interpret and quantify many measurements that have previously relied on a laboratory instrument to analyse, or needed a human operator to interpret lines or colour change by eye and then manually record results. A wide spectrum of devices and bioassays have been read using smartphones 1 , including pH in clinical samples 2 immunoassays 3,4 , nucleic acid detection 5,6 , microbiology 7,8 , and paper devices including urine analysis dipsticks 9 or cholesterol test strips 10 . Smartphones offer a combination of three features in an accessible package: high performance camera, on-board computing power, and networking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affordable mobile microfluidic diagnostics: minimum requirements for smartphones and digital imaging for colorimetric and fluorometric anti-dengue and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection

Jegouic¹,

Jones²,

Edwards³

2021

Wellcome Open Res

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Background: Miniaturised bioassays permit diagnostic testing near the patient, and the results can be recorded digitally using inexpensive cameras including smartphone and mobile phone cameras. Although digital cameras are now inexpensive and portable, the minimum performance required for microfluidic diagnostic bioassays has not been defined. We present a systematic comparison of a wide range of different digital cameras for capturing and measuring results of microfluidic bioassays and describe a framework to specify performance requirements to quantify immunoassays. Methods: A set of 200 µm diameter microchannels was filled with a range of concentrations of dyes used in colorimetric and fluorometric enzyme immunoassays. These were imaged in parallel using cameras of varying cost and performance ranging from <£30 to >£500. Results: Higher resolution imaging allowed larger numbers of microdevices to be resolved and analysed in a single image. In contrast, low quality cameras were still able to quantify results but for fewer samples. In some cases, an additional macro lens was added to focus closely. If image resolution was sufficient to identify individual microfluidic channels as separate lines, all cameras were able to quantify a similar range of concentrations of both colorimetric and fluorometric dyes. However, the mid-range cameras performed better, with the lowest cost cameras only allowing one or two samples to be quantified per image. Consistent with these findings, we demonstrate that quantitation (to determine endpoint titre) of antibodies against dengue and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viruses is possible using a wide range of digital imaging devices including the mid-range smartphone iPhone 6S and a budget Android smartphone costing <£50. Conclusions: In conclusion, while more expensive and higher quality cameras allow larger numbers of devices to be simultaneously imaged, even the lowest resolution and cheapest cameras were sufficient to record and quantify immunoassay results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affordable mobile microfluidic diagnostics: minimum requirements for smartphones and digital imaging for colorimetric and fluorometric anti-dengue and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection

Jegouic¹,

Jones²,

Edwards³

2021

Wellcome Open Res

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“…Also, if allowed to "float" within the sample chamber, there is a statistical hit and miss ratio that worsens with decreasing concentration or perhaps counterintuitively, with increased volumes. Thus, attempts to amplify the signal are being considered by using fluorescence and chemiluminescence [75,76]. Here, a small fluorescent molecule (a fluorophore, fluorescent protein, or a quantum dot) that emits photons after excitation from laser or broad-spectrum light is used.…”

Section: (I) Lateral Flow Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a "fieldfunctional" operation, an in-flight drone centrifuge and convective PCR on smartphone might be employed [72]. The nucleic acid test itself can be performed based on Rayleigh-Bernard natural convection for buoyancy-driven thermal gradients of liquid heating [73][74][75]. Heating occurs from the bottom of the reaction, meaning a spatial temperature gradient established between the top (cool) and the bottom (hot) surfaces of the reactor, simulating a thermocycler.…”

Section: Smartphone Based Rapid Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Diagnostics for Rapid Testing, Mapping and Bioinformatics Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Respiratory Viruses in Pandemic Settings

Hossain¹

2021

Preprint

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“…Quantum dot (QD) nanocrystals have been proven advantageous in these approaches due to their highly efficient fluorescence, size-tunable Gaussian emission spectrum, excellent stability against photobleaching, large Stokes shift and low background signal [11][12][13]. However, given their photoluminescent character, portable QD readers are often sophisticated and relatively expensive; for example, they may require filters and/or lenses [14,15], or involve high-range mobile phones obviating the need for external optical filters [16]. Hence, generally, QD readers are not particularly accessible in relatively low-resource settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone and Paper-Based Fluorescence Reader: A Do It Yourself Approach

Ireta-Muñoz

Morales‐Narváez

2020

Biosensors

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Given their photoluminescent character, portable quantum dot readers are often sophisticated and relatively expensive. In response, we engineered a “do it yourself” fluorescence reader employing paper materials and a mid-range smartphone camera. Black paperboard facilitated a versatile, lightweight and foldable case; whereas cellophane paper was observed to behave as a simple, yet effective, optical bandpass filter leading to an advantageous device for the quantitative interrogation of quantum dot nanocrystals concentrations (from 2.5 to 20 nM), which are suitable for optical point-of-care biosensing. The streptavidin-coated nanocrystals employed are commercially available and the developed reader was benchmarked with a standard portable quantum dot reader, thereby demonstrating advantages in terms of cost and linear analytical range.

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Smartphone detection of antibiotic resistance using convective PCR and a lateral flow assay

Cited by 44 publications

References 39 publications

Affordable mobile microfluidic diagnostics: minimum requirements for smartphones and digital imaging for colorimetric and fluorometric anti-dengue and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection

Affordable mobile microfluidic diagnostics: minimum requirements for smartphones and digital imaging for colorimetric and fluorometric anti-dengue and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection

Network Diagnostics for Rapid Testing, Mapping and Bioinformatics Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Respiratory Viruses in Pandemic Settings

Smartphone and Paper-Based Fluorescence Reader: A Do It Yourself Approach

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