Smartphone-Based Thermal Imaging: A New Modality for Tissue Temperature Measurement in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgeries

Cao, Jue; Currie, K L; Carry, Patrick M.; Maddox, Grady; S, Nino; Ipaktchi, Kyros

doi:10.1177/1558944717710765

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…after traumatic amputation of limbs. This lowcost device may aid in the assessment of the level of tissue viability and peripheral circulation in ischemic limbs [18][19][20][21][22]. Furthermore, it may have its purpose in the detection of perforators and their perfusion area [23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-operative monitoring of free flaps using a low-cost thermal camera: a pilot study

et al. 2020

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Background Careful post-operative monitoring of free flaps is important in flap survival; immediate action increases flap salvage rate. Although various methods are available, room for improvement remains. Thermal cameras have proven their value in medicine and are nowadays readily available at low costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of an affordable infrared thermal camera and software in the detection of failing free flaps during post-operative monitoring. Methods Free myocutaneous rectus abdominis flaps were harvested in 16 female landrace pigs and replanted after several hours of storage. All flaps were assessed with indocyanine green fluorescence angiography as well as hourly clinical assessment of skin colour, turgor and capillary refill. Furthermore, thermal photographs were taken simultaneously with the FLIR One thermal camera smartphone module. These photographs were processed in MATLAB and evaluated on their additional value as an indicator for flap failure. Results Out of 16 flaps, three flaps failed due to arterial failure and one flap developed venous congestion. The mean flap temperature compared to adjacent control skin proved to be most indicative for flap failure. All unsuccessful flaps showed lower temperatures after failure compared to the uncompromised free flaps. Conclusions An affordable thermal camera module can potentially contribute to post-operative free flap monitoring. Vascular compromise in free flaps can be distinguished by investigating relative temperature differences between the flap and reference skin. Until the FLIR One camera has been extensively investigated in a human population, it should be used in conjunction with conventional monitoring techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-operative monitoring of free flaps using a low-cost thermal camera: a pilot study

et al. 2020

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“…Penelitian terkait metode standar dalam pengambilan foto dan pengolahan foto juga belum ada. Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan bahwa jarak dua kaki dan pengendalian sumber panas yang lain, seperti jendela, lampu dan computer, dapat menghasilkan gambar optimal (Lin & Saines, 2017;Lin dkk, 2017;Cao, 2017) Bagaimanapun, metode ini memiliki peluang untuk diterapkan di Indonesia. Jumlah pengguna smartphone di Indonesia mencapai 62.69 juta jiwa di tahun 2017.…”

Section: Metodeunclassified

Studi Literatur Penggunaan Smartphone-based Thermal Imaging dalam Pengkajian Perfusi Vascular Perifer

Mirzanah

Hariyati

2020

j. nurs.

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The high prevalence and the serious impact of peripheral arterial disease lead the development of diagnostic tools that could be more efficient and easy to use. This review aims to examine the effectiveness of Smartphone-based Thermal Imaging in assessing peripheral perfusion. Article yielded by inserting spesific keywords to Clinical Key, Science direct, ProQuest, and SAGE Publications databases. The inclusion were fulltext, English-based article and peer-reviewed from 2010 to 2018. 217 articles were identified from the databases and finallly we got five relevant articles. Smartphone-based thermal imaging does not had significant different result with ABI, more precision and more easy to use than thermal imaging camera. This device also can be used as monitoring device compared to Doppler ultrasound and angiography. According SWOT analyses, this device might be implemented in Indonesia. Smartphone-based thermal imaging can be used as noninvasive monitoring device to asses peripheral perfusion in fast and easy ways. Next research should examine the specifity and sensitivity of the device and also the standard protocol in capturing photo and also solve the problem of security issue.

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“…According to Paul [34], a thermal-based method is proposed to overcome the technical challenges involving reconstructing the lower limb after skin cancer surgery. In a study by Cao, et al [35], a comparison between a Smartphone-based thermal camera and a conventional infrared probe temperature scanner was conducted for tissue temperature measurement in hand and upper extremity surgeries.…”

Section: Medical Applications Of Infrared Thermographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cao, et al [35] compared the temperature measurements of the FLIR One camera against a conventional infrared probe temperature scanner (IPTS) for monitoring tissue temperature in hand surgeries. Klaessens, et al [79] compared the temperature accuracy between the low-cost FLIR One and a high-end thermal camera for clinical applications.…”

Section: Flir One Low-cost Thermal Camera In Medical Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in medical infrared thermography

Al-Sadr¹

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[EMBARGOED UNTIL 6/1/2023] The association between illness and body temperature dates back to the beginnings of medicine. Over the last few years, infrared thermography has attracted increased attention in various medical applications due to technological advancements that reduce manufacturing costs and enable high-resolution cameras with great sensitivity. The recent 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic revealed that disease transmission control is crucial in preventing an outbreak. Thermography has been considered the gold standard for screening fevered individuals during pandemics since the 2003 SARS outbreak. With the increasing demands for objective and quantitative diagnostic tools in primary health care, thermography offers advantages over conventional approaches as a low-cost, non-invasive, radiation-free, and pain-free method for detecting changes in skin temperature with high spatial accuracy. Several topics are investigated in this dissertation to address the use of infrared imaging as a quantitative tool in medical applications. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common circulatory problem that affects 202 million patients globally and more than 20 percent of people over 70. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurement has been considered the most reliable diagnostic test for PAD. However, some limitations exist where ABI may give false normal values above 1.4 for patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease with rigid and non-compressible arterial vessel walls. Additionally, ABI must be performed in a vascular laboratory by trained vascular staff to ensure the accuracy of the measurements. During the physical examination, one of the PAD signs is the reduction in the patient's feet and legs' skin temperature, which offers the potential of using infrared thermography in diagnosing PAD. Thus, we conducted a study based on 12 patients recruited by vascular surgeons at the University of Missouri Hospital outpatient clinic. These patients were diagnosed with PAD and scheduled for intervention after clinical evaluation. We developed a framework based on Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) with LOSO cross-validation to correlate the thermal features with the corresponding ABI. Additionally, we proposed a classification model based on the weighted K-Nearest neighbors (WKNN) algorithm to assess the severity of PAD based on infrared thermography. The regression results demonstrate a strong association between the thermal features and the ABI values. The proposed WKNN classification model shows thermography's capabilities in assessing the severity of PAD with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Since PAD patients are more likely to develop wounds and ulcers in the foot region than in the leg, we conducted another study with 10 PAD patients where the foot and ankle region was selected as the targeted ROI. Using SVM regression with LOSO cross-validation and Bayesian optimization, the proposed also shows a strong correlation between the ABI and the extracted thermal features. These studies demonstrate the potential for thermography to be used as a non-invasive supplementary screening tool for PAD. Endovascular treatments, such as peripheral angioplasty and conventional bypass surgery, have been extensively adopted to treat PAD. Despite promising initial results with surgical interventions, long-term durability leads to more surgeries and an increased risk of amputation, disability, and mortality. Following surgical treatments, the current standard of care is a clinic-based surveillance program consisting of office visits every 3 to 6 months during the patient's lifetime. Surgical intervention failures occur in up to 49 percent of patients after two years. However, any failure that is recognized early can be treated effectively with elective surgery, which significantly minimizes the risk of amputation. Therefore, we proposed a novel home-based, patient-operated early warning system to detect declining perfusion following surgical interventions. The study group consists of 10 PAD patients recruited by vascular surgeons at the University of Missouri Hospital outpatient clinic. We proposed a novel PAD Temperature Index Score (PTI) based on the FCM algorithm to interpret changes in lower limb temperature distribution patterns. The proposed PTI index shows stable and repeatable results in recognizing the impact of the revascularization procedure across different scenarios. Additionally, we examine the potential of deep learning-based thermal image analysis in determining the severity of PAD for our in-home surveillance system. ABI is utilized as ground truth in categorizing PAD severity into three classes (severe, moderate, and mild/normal). Based on 10-fold cross-validation, the model achieved high accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision. As a result, the proposed framework provides frequent surveillance that can result in earlier failure detection, lower the risk of amputation, and improve survival in PAD patients. Detecting abnormal body temperature patterns can help predict sepsis before any other symptoms of infection. As a result, we propose using thermography as a non-invasive tool to measure body temperature patterns and detect abnormalities. We hypothesize that sepsis onset will lead to abnormal body temperature patterns, which can be detected by calculating the temperature difference (ETD) between the core and the body extremities. We use "cold stress" induced by cold water immersion (CWI) as a proxy for sepsis. Toward this goal, we proposed a fully automated methodology for calculating core vs. extremity ETD based on the frontal and lateral view of the face. We developed a framework based on FCM clustering for inner and outer ear localization for the frontal view of the face. While for lateral view, we implement an efficient approach for tracking the tip of the nose and the inner corner of the eyes by using a mixture of Viola-Jones, KLT, and superpixel algorithms. The results produce specific core versus body extremities temperature patterns that can be used to simulate body response to sepsis. Additionally, we proposed a deep learning classification procedure for sepsis detection. The study is based on 140 patients being evaluated for sepsis at the University of Missouri Emergency Department. The result demonstrates the viability of infrared imaging with deep learning models for future use in the emergency department setting to detect sepsis. As a result, these studies highlight the potential of using infrared thermography as a suitable screening approach in different medical applications.

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Smartphone-Based Thermal Imaging: A New Modality for Tissue Temperature Measurement in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgeries

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Post-operative monitoring of free flaps using a low-cost thermal camera: a pilot study

Post-operative monitoring of free flaps using a low-cost thermal camera: a pilot study

Studi Literatur Penggunaan Smartphone-based Thermal Imaging dalam Pengkajian Perfusi Vascular Perifer

Advances in medical infrared thermography

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