Smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of alcohol and cannabis use in older adults with and without HIV infection

Abstract

Findings demonstrate that EMA-measured alcohol and cannabis use has convergent validity among older adults with and without HIV infection. Preliminary results showing predictors of substance use highlight the importance of gathering EMA data to examine daily variability and time-dependent antecedents of substance use among this population.

Possible Application of Ecological Momentary Assessment to Older Adults’ Daily Depressive Mood: Integrative Literature Review

“…The sample size of surveyed studies ranged from 12 to 404, which varied according to study purpose, data collection method, and analysis plans. Some studies specifically aimed to enroll study participants with depressive mood and relevant mental health problems (7/38, 18%) [ 7 , 9 , 13 , 17 , 23 , 24 , 34 ], other physical health problems or diseases (8/38, 21%) [ 6 , 29 , 31 , 36 , 40 , 43 - 45 ], or chronic pain (2/38, 5%) [ 16 , 25 ], which may be related to depressive mood. Some studies aimed to enroll study participants who had an alcohol or smoking habit (4/38, 11%) [ 22 , 28 , 33 , 46 ] or obesity (2/38, 5%) [ 19 , 20 ].…”

“…Most studies (22/38, 58%) examined depressive mood at baseline using a diverse array of clinically valid screening instruments or established diagnostic criteria. Several screening or diagnostic instruments were used: the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview [ 13 , 22 , 50 ]; Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [ 13 , 29 , 51 ]; Beck Depression Inventory [ 7 , 13 , 48 , 52 , 53 ]; Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) [ 39 , 54 ]; Composite International Diagnostic Interview [ 40 , 55 ]; Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale [ 9 , 56 ]; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) (DSM-IV) [ 7 , 17 , 23 , 34 , 57 , 58 ]; Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV-Text Revision [ 10 , 25 , 59 ]; Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) [ 34 , 60 ]; Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) [ 15 , 30 , 36 , 47 , 61 ]; Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) [ 49 , 62 ]; Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [ 24 , 63 ]; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [ 16 , 43 , 64 , 65 ]; and Hamilton Depression Inventory [ 31 , 66 ]. The researchers of each study used this information to describe sample characteristics at baseline or included the data as a controlled variable in their analyses.…”

“…Most studies included variables relating to momentary experiences, activities, or behaviors occurring before or at the time of report [ 6 , 9 , 13 , 16 , 17 , 21 , 23 - 32 , 39 - 44 , 47 , 48 ]. Some studies also included concurrent symptoms of depression such as fatigue [ 6 , 29 , 36 , 42 , 45 ], pain [ 6 , 16 , 25 , 31 , 36 , 40 , 43 , 45 , 48 , 49 ], stress [ 9 , 10 , 18 - 22 , 26 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 33 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 46 ], anxiety [ 7 , 9 , 10 , 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 21 , 24 - 26 , 34 , 39 - 43 , 45 , 47 ], loneliness [ 14 , 20 , 23 , 24 , 27 , 31 , 42 , 46 , 47 ], or cognitive impairment [ 7 ...…”

“…A range of different EMA devices were used to record momentary data. Of the 38 studies, 17 (45%) used computerized handheld devices [ 6 , 7 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 24 , 25 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 33 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 47 , 49 ], whereas 14 studies (14/38, 37%) used smartphone or web-based EMA apps, or both [ 9 , 14 , 16 , 19 - 21 , 23 , 26 , 30 , 34 , 39 , 40 , 43 , 46 ]. One study (1/38, 3%) employed telephone-based EMA via phone interview [ 36 ], and another relied on an automatic cell phone call [ 31 ].…”

“…In several studies, participants received automatic notifications at fixed times [ 7 , 10 , 16 , 17 , 25 , 32 , 39 , 42 , 44 , 46 ]. In other studies, the participant received an automatic notice at random within the researcher- or participant-designated time interval in a day [ 6 , 9 , 13 , 14 , 21 - 23 , 29 , 36 , 40 , 41 , 48 ]. Other studies used a totally randomized time frame in a day [ 24 , 26 , 27 , 34 , 47 , 49 ].…”