Smartphone based blood pressure measurement: accuracy of the OptiBP mobile application according to the AAMI/ESH/ISO universal validation protocol

Degott, Jean; Ghajarzadeh‐Wurzner, Arlène; Hofmann, Gregory; Proença, Martin; Bonnier, Guillaume; Lemkaddem, Alia; Lemay, Mathieu; Christen, Urvan; Knebel, Jean-François; Durgnat, Virginie; Burnier, Michel; Wuerzner, Grégoire; Schoettker, Patrick

doi:10.1097/mbp.0000000000000556

Cited by 27 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…The sample size of all articles analyzed in this review ranged between three and 3000 subjects. Six articles used a sample size smaller than 10 subjects 18 , 24 , 25 , 29 , 31 , 32 , and 8 articles used sample sizes of 85 or more subjects 9 , 11 , 14 , 16 , 22 , 23 , 28 , 33 (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, structural differences in the cardiovascular system, such as gender-dependent diameters of blood vessels or different average heart rates between genders 35 , 36 , and differing skin thickness between women and men, also have a direct impact on the PPG signal 37 . In this review, 14 of the 25 articles reported the ratio of female to male participants 9 – 12 , 15 – 17 , 19 , 21 , 23 – 26 , 33 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, motion artifacts tend to be more amplified in deeper sites 48 . Among the 21 articles that measure a PPG signal, nine extracted the green channel for BP estimation 9 – 13 , 17 , 19 , 21 , 31 , another nine extracted the red band 14 , 15 , 20 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 28 – 30 , and one article used the infrared (IR) component of the acquired signal 16 . Banerjee et al 27 used the Y component of the YC R C B color space for BP estimation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood pressure measurement using only a smartphone

2022

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Hypertension is an immense challenge in public health. As one of the most prevalent medical conditions worldwide, it is a major cause of premature death. At present, the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of hypertension are subject to several limitations. In this review, we conducted a literature search on blood pressure measurement using only a smartphone, which has the potential to overcome current limitations and thus pave the way for long-term ambulatory blood pressure monitoring on a large scale. Among the 333 articles identified, we included 25 relevant articles over the past decade (November 2011–November 2021) and analyzed the described approaches to the types of underlying data recorded with smartphone sensors, the signal processing techniques applied to construct the desired signals, the features extracted from the constructed signals, and the algorithms used to estimate blood pressure. In addition, we analyzed the validation of the proposed methods against reference blood pressure measurements. We further examined and compared the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. Among the 25 articles, 23 propose an approach that requires direct contact between the sensor and the subject and two articles propose a contactless approach based on facial videos. The sample sizes in the identified articles range from three to 3000 subjects, where 8 articles used sample sizes of 85 or more subjects. Furthermore, 10 articles include hypertensive subjects in their participant pools. The methodologies applied for the evaluation of blood pressure measurement accuracy vary considerably among the analyzed articles. There is no consistency regarding the methods for blood pressure data collection and the reference blood pressure measurement and validation. Moreover, no established protocol is currently available for the validation of blood pressure measuring technologies using only a smartphone. We conclude the review with a discussion of the results and with recommendations for future research on the topic.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood pressure measurement using only a smartphone

2022

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“…Formulae for the polar coordinates, which differ from standard Cartesian-polar conversion, are described in Critchley et al [33]. SBP systolic blood pressure; MBP mean blood pressure; DBP diastolic blood pressure; BP inv BP as assessed by the invasive method; BP PPG BP as assessed by the non-invasive (PPG) method; ∆BP change in BP of at least ± 15% ◂ context that was not found in the final use-case of the investigated smartphone app [21,22]. Additionally, no population stratification has been done and so more investigation should be conducted to validate such technology in relevant population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, a smartphone application based on PWA (OptiBP™, Biospectal, Switzerland) has been validated on a general population compared to a dual-head stethoscope and sphygmomanometer method as described in ISO 81060-2 standards, and in various other settings [21][22][23][24]. Although the ISO universal standard may validate the accuracy and precision of the above solution, its ability to track intra-patient BP variations remains to be validated [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel smartphone app for blood pressure measurement: a proof-of-concept study against an arterial catheter

Hofmann

Proença

Degott

et al. 2022

J Clin Monit Comput

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Smartphones may provide a highly available access to simplified hypertension screening in environments with limited health care resources. Most studies involving smartphone blood pressure (BP) apps have focused on validation in static conditions without taking into account intraindividual BP variations. We report here the first experimental evidence of smartphone-derived BP estimation compared to an arterial catheter in a highly dynamic context such as induction of general anesthesia. We tested a smartphone app (OptiBP) on 121 patients requiring general anesthesia and invasive BP monitoring. For each patient, ten 1-min segments aligned in time with ten smartphone recordings were extracted from the continuous invasive BP. A total of 1152 recordings from 119 patients were analyzed. After exclusion of 2 subjects and rejection of 565 recordings due to BP estimation not generated by the app, we retained 565 recordings from 109 patients (acceptance rate 51.1%). Concordance rate (CR) and angular CR demonstrated values of more than 90% for systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean (MBP) BP. Error grid analysis showed that 98% of measurement pairs were in no- or low-risk zones for SBP and MBP, of which more than 89% in the no-risk zone. Evaluation of accuracy and precision [bias ± standard deviation (95% limits of agreement)] between the app and the invasive BP was 0.0 ± 7.5 mmHg [− 14.9, 14.8], 0.1 ± 2.9 mmHg [− 5.5, 5.7], and 0.1 ± 4.2 mmHg [− 8.3, 8.4] for SBP, DBP and MBP respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a smartphone app was compared to an invasive BP reference. Its trending ability was investigated in highly dynamic conditions, demonstrating high concordance and accuracy. Our study could lead the way for mobile devices to leverage the measurement of BP and management of hypertension.

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