Smartphone App (2kmFIT-App) for Measuring Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Validity and Reliability Study (Preprint)

Abstract

BACKGROUND There is strong evidence suggesting that higher levels of CRF are associated with a healthier metabolic profile and is a powerful predictor of morbidity and mortality. In this context, a smartphone app based on UKK-Test would provide the possibility to assess CRF remotely in individuals geographically distributed around a country, or continent or inter-continent with minimal equipment and low-costs involved. OBJECTIVE The overall aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of 2kmFIT-App developed for Android and iOS mobile operating systems to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). The specific aims of the study were to determine the validity of 2kmFIT-App to track distance and calculate heart rate (HR). METHODS Twenty participants were included for field-testing validation and reliability analysis. The participants completed twice the 2-km walk test (UKK-Test) using the 2kmFIT-App and CRF, distance and HR were collected. RESULTS The validity results showed that the mean difference was: distance (-70.40 ± 51.47 m), criterion time (-0.59 ± 0.45 min), criterion HR (-16.75 ± 9.96 bpm) and criterion VO2max (3.59 ± 2.01 ml/kg/min). There was a moderate validity for HR (ICC=0.731, CI=-0.211 to 0.942) and good for VO2max (ICC=0.878, CI =-0.125 to 0.972). The reliability results showed that the mean difference was: app distance (25.99 ± 43.21 m), app time (-0.15 ± 0.94 s), pace (-0.18 ± 0.33 min/km), app HR (-4.5 ± 13.44 bpm) and app VO2max (0.92 ± 3.04 ml/kg/min). There was a good reliability as revealed by the ICC for app HR (ICC=0.897, CI=0.742 to 0.959), and excellent for app VO2max (ICC=0.932, CI=0.830 to 0.973). CONCLUSIONS The present study finds 2kmFIT-App to be a new and scientifically valid and reliable tool able to objectively and remotely estimate CRF, HR, and distance in Android but not in the iOS mobile operating system.

Reliability and feasibility of an evaluation tool of teacher effectiveness and the quality of physical education sessions

“…For the test reliability and feasibility, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated between test and retest results (third phase). The interpretation of ICC values was based on standardized guidelines, in which a value less than 0.5 indicates poor reliability, values between 0.5 and 0.75 indicate moderate reliability, values between 0.75 and 0.9 indicate good reliability, and values greater than 0.90 indicate excellent reliability (Altman & Bland, 1983;Muntaner-Mas, Martinez-Nicolas, Quesada, Cadenas-Sanchez, & Ortega, 2021). All analyses were conducted with the Stata v13.0.…”