Smartphone and Universal Goniometer for Measurement of Elbow Joint Motions: A Comparative Study

Behnoush, Behnam; Tavakoli, Nasim; Bazmi, Elham; Fard, Fariborz Nateghi; Shahi, Mohammad Hossein Pourgharib; Okazi, Arash; Mokhtari, Tahmineh

doi:10.5812/asjsm.30668

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the literature we can find papers that use inertial sensors to estimate the movement of the upper limb (Tian et al, 2015;Zhou et al, 2008;Zhang, Wong & Wu, 2011;Robert-Lachaine et al, 2017;Ertzgaard et al, 2016), but many of them do not conduct a study of the validity and reliability of their ROM measurements compared with the measurements obtained with a goniometer. The only paper we have found with which we can directly compare our results is (Behnoush et al, 2016). In this study inertial sensors of an iPhone TM were compared with a goniometer for elbow's ROM measurement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While some studies describe a high reliability between universal goniometer and smartphones assessment, others reflect a large heterogeneity when analyzing each movement separately. Behnoush et al obtained a good validity measure for a smartphone compared with a goniometer when used to measure elbow supination (ICC=0.92), but more disappointing results were obtained when used to measure elbow flexion (ICC=0.73) (Behnoush et al, 2016). This study addressed only the validity of the measures, and not their inter-rater and intra-rater reliability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Peer Review #1 of "Validity and reliability of inertial sensors for elbow and wrist range of motion assessment (v0.1)"

2020

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Background. Elbow and wrist chronic conditions are very common among musculoskeletal problems. These painful conditions affect muscle function, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the joint's Range Of Motion (ROM). Due to their portability and ease of use, goniometers are still the most widespread tool for measuring ROM. Inertial sensors are emerging as a digital, low-cost and accurate alternative. However, whereas inertial sensors are commonly used in research studies, due to the lack of information about their validity and reliability, they are not widely used in the clinical practice. The goal of this study is to assess the validity and intra-inter-rater reliability of inertial sensors for measuring active ROM of the elbow and wrist. Materials and methods. Measures were taken simultaneously with inertial sensors (Werium TM system) and a universal goniometer. The process involved two physiotherapists ("rater A" and "rater B") and an engineer responsible for the technical issues. 29 asymptomatic subjects were assessed individually in two sessions separated by 48 hours. The procedure was repeated by rater A followed by rater B with random order. Three repetitions of each active movement (elbow flexion, pronation, and supination; and wrist flexion, extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation) were executed starting from the neutral position until the ROM end-feel; i.e., until ROM reached its maximum due to be stopped by the anatomy. The coefficient of determination (r 2) and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were calculated to assess the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. The Standard Error of the Measurement (SEM) and the Minimum Detectable Change (MDC) and a Bland-Altman plots were also calculated. Results. Similar ROM values when measured with both instruments were obtained for the elbow (maximum difference of 3° for all the movements) and wrist (maximum difference of 1° for all the movements). These values were within the normal range when compared to literature studies. The concurrent validity analysis for all the movements yielded ICC values ≥ 0.78 for the elbow and ≥ 0.95 for the wrist. Concerning reliability, the ICC values denoted a high reliability of inertial sensors for all the different movements. In the case of the elbow, intra-rater and inter-rater reliability ICC values range from 0.83 to 0.96 and from 0.94 to 0.97, respectively. Intra-rater analysis of the wrist yielded ICC values between 0.81 and 0.93, while the ICC values for the inter-rater analysis range from 0.93 to 0.99. Conclusions. Inertial sensors are a valid and reliable tool for measuring elbow and wrist active ROM. Particularly noteworthy is their high inter-rater reliability, often questioned in measurement tools. The lowest reliability is observed in elbow prono-supination, probably due to skin artefacts. Based on these results and their advantages, inertial sensors can be considered a valid assessment tool for wrist and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Peer Review #1 of "Validity and reliability of inertial sensors for elbow and wrist range of motion assessment (v0.1)"

2020

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“…Treize études utilisaient des applications téléphoniques inclinométriques [12,14,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]…”

Section: Comparaison Entre Les Applications Inclinométriques Et Goniounclassified

“…L'étude de Otter sur l'hallux [16] utilisant une application goniométrique à partir de photos met en évidence une mauvaise validité (r=0.40) de la mesure de la position spontanée de l'hallux. Les applications angulaires sur smartphone peuvent être considérées comme valides et reproductibles lors de l'évaluation de la mobilité lombaire, du coude, de l'avant-bras et du poignet [12,13,21,[30][31][32]. Pour le genou, la validité et la reproductibilité intra-évaluateur est bonne [10,11,15,27], mais, l'utilisation entre différents évaluateurs est moins fiable, mais, reste supérieure à l'inclinomètre gravitaire [27].…”

Section: Insérer Tableauunclassified

Validité et reproductibilité des applications téléphoniques pour évaluer les amplitudes de mouvement en pratique clinique : revue de littérature

Bruyneel

2018

Kinésithérapie, la Revue

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Validité et reproductibilité des applications téléphoniques pour évaluer les amplitudes de mouvement en pratique clinique: revue de littérature Résumé Objectifs : Revue de littérature sur les tests de validité et de reproductibilités (intra et interévaluateurs) des applications sur smartphone permettant de mesurer une amplitude de mouvement en degrés. Méthode : Les articles, en anglais et en français, ont été cherchés en utilisant les mots clés : « healthy subjects », « phone », « range of motion », validity », « reliability » et « repeatability » sur les bases de données PubMed / Medline, ScienceDirect, Pedro et Kinedoc. Une synthèse a été réalisée et chaque étude a été évaluée par le score Qarel. Résultats : Au total, 512 études ont été identifiées. Suite aux différentes étapes de sélection, 18 articles ont été recrutés. 5 articles sur le rachis, 6 articles sur le membre inférieur et 7 articles sur le membre supérieur. Au total, 601 sujets asymptomatiques ont été testés. Le score Qarel moyen était de 7.61/12 (min :6/ max :9). Discussion et conclusion : Les applications téléphoniques goniométriques et inclinométriques peuvent être utilisées pour mesurer des amplitudes de mouvement. Néanmoins, ces applications doivent être utilisées avec précaution pour les rotations cervicales et de hanches, pour les mouvements de l'hallux et de l'épaule. Mots clés : Amplitude articulaire -applications -smartphone -validité -reproductibilitérevue 2 Validity and reliability of phone applications for range of motion measurement in clinical practice: Literature review Abstract Aim: Literature review about validity and reliability (intra and inter-raters) of range of motion angle tests with goniometer or inclinometer smartphone application. Method: The research was conducted, in french and english, using keywords « healthy subjects », « phone », « range of motion », validity », « reliability » et « repeatability » on the databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Pedro and Kinedoc. A synthesis was carried out and each study was evaluated by the Qarel score.Results: 512 articles were identified. Following the selection criteria, 18 articles were included, with 5 for cervical and lumbar motions, 6 for lower limb and 7 for upper limb. These studies included 601 healthy subjects. The mean Qarel score was 7.61/12 (min:6/max:9). Discussion and conclusion:Goniometric and inclinometric smartphone applications can be used to measure range of motion. However, these applications should be used with caution for cervical and hip rotations, for hallux movements and on the shoulder. Validité et reproductibilité des applications téléphoniques pour évaluer lesamplitudes mouvement en pratique clinique: revue de littérature

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“…The use of smartphone apps for clinical assessment is gaining popularity and many studies have evaluated the reliability and validity of smartphone apps for the measurements of the ROM of many joints (Shin et al 2012;Kolber et al 2013;Milanese et al 2014;Quek et al 2014;Salamh & Kolber, 2014;Werner et al 2014;Charlton et al 2015;Otter et al 2015;Vohralik et al 2015;Behnoush et al 2016;Cuesta-Vargas & Rold an-Jim enez, 2016;Guidetti et al 2016;Pourahmadi et al 2016b). Generally, good to excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability have been reported in the previous studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and concurrent validity of a new iPhone^® goniometric application for measuring active wrist range of motion: a cross‐sectional study in asymptomatic subjects

et al. 2016

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Measurement of wrist range of motion (ROM) is often considered to be an essential component of wrist physical examination. The measurement can be carried out through various instruments such as goniometers and inclinometers. Recent smartphones have been equipped with accelerometers and magnetometers, which, through specific software applications (apps) can be used for goniometric functions. This study, for the first time, aimed to evaluate the reliability and concurrent validity of a new smartphone goniometric app (Goniometer Pro©) for measuring active wrist ROM. In all, 120 wrists of 70 asymptomatic adults (38 men and 32 women; aged 18-40 years) were assessed in a physiotherapy clinic located at the School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science and Health Services, Tehran, Iran. Following the recruitment process, active wrist ROM was measured using a universal goniometer and iPhone 5 app. Two blinded examiners each utilized the universal goniometer and iPhone to measure active wrist ROM using a volar/dorsal alignment technique in the following sequences: flexion, extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation. The second (2 h later) and third (48 h later) sessions were carried out in the same manner as the first session. All the measurements were conducted three times and the mean value of three repetitions for each measurement was used for analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) models (3, k) and (2, k) were used to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients were used to establish concurrent validity of the iPhone app. Good to excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was demonstrated for the goniometer with ICC values of ≥ 0.82 and ≥ 0.73 and the iPhone app with ICC values of ≥ 0.83 and ≥ 0.79, respectively. Minimum detectable change at the 95% confidence level (MDC ) was computed as 1.96 × standard error of measurement × √2. The MDC ranged from 1.66° to 5.35° for the intra-rater analysis and from 1.97° to 6.15° for the inter-rater analysis. The concurrent validity between the two instruments was high, with r values of ≥ 0.80. From the results of this cross-sectional study, it can be concluded that the iPhone app possesses good to excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity. It seems that this app can be used for the measurement of wrist ROM. However, further research is needed to evaluate symptomatic subjects using this app.

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Smartphone and Universal Goniometer for Measurement of Elbow Joint Motions: A Comparative Study

Cited by 36 publications

References 21 publications

Peer Review #1 of "Validity and reliability of inertial sensors for elbow and wrist range of motion assessment (v0.1)"

Peer Review #1 of "Validity and reliability of inertial sensors for elbow and wrist range of motion assessment (v0.1)"

Validité et reproductibilité des applications téléphoniques pour évaluer les amplitudes de mouvement en pratique clinique : revue de littérature

Reliability and concurrent validity of a new iPhone^® goniometric application for measuring active wrist range of motion: a cross‐sectional study in asymptomatic subjects

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Smartphone and Universal Goniometer for Measurement of Elbow Joint Motions: A Comparative Study

Cited by 36 publications

References 21 publications

Peer Review #1 of "Validity and reliability of inertial sensors for elbow and wrist range of motion assessment (v0.1)"

Peer Review #1 of "Validity and reliability of inertial sensors for elbow and wrist range of motion assessment (v0.1)"

Validité et reproductibilité des applications téléphoniques pour évaluer les amplitudes de mouvement en pratique clinique : revue de littérature

Reliability and concurrent validity of a new iPhone® goniometric application for measuring active wrist range of motion: a cross‐sectional study in asymptomatic subjects

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Reliability and concurrent validity of a new iPhone^® goniometric application for measuring active wrist range of motion: a cross‐sectional study in asymptomatic subjects