Smarter screening for prostate cancer

Tan, Guan Hee; Nason, Gregory J.; Ajib, Khaled; Woon, Dixon T.S.; Herrera-Cáceres, Jaime O.; Alhunaidi, Omar; Perlis, Nathan

doi:10.1007/s00345-019-02719-5

Cited by 43 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Moreover, while PCa remains indolent in most individuals, in a minority of patients, PCa behaves aggressively. PSA, which is the most common prostatic marker, has a high specificity for prostate cancer, but its expression cannot be detected in~5% of patients with high-grade PCa (Epstein, 1993;Van Der Toom et al, 2019) or, conversely, leads to the overdiagnosis of clinically insignificant cancer (Tan et al, 2019). Thus, biomarkers that accurately diagnose prostate cancer and, more importantly, differentiate indolent from life-threatening prostate cancer are urgently required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Specific Long Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid Signatures and Regulatory Networks in Prostate Cancer in Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies

Zheng

Xia

et al. 2020

Front. Genet.

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common tumors in men and can be lethal, especially if left untreated. A substantial majority of PCa patients not only are diagnosed based on fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies, but their treatment choices are also largely driven by the pathological findings obtained with these FNA specimens. It is widely believed that lncRNAs have strong biological significance, but their specific functions and regulatory networks have not been elucidated. LncRNAs may serve as key players and regulators of PCa carcinogenesis and could be novel biomarkers of this cancer. To identify potential markers for early detection of PCa, in this study, we employed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) microarray to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs (DelncRNAs) in PCa tissue and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis to validate these DelncRNAs in FNA biopsies. We demonstrated that a total of 451 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in four pairs of PCa/adjacent tissues, and upregulation of the lncRNAs RP11-33A14.1, RP11-423H2.3, and LAMTOR5-AS1 was confirmed in FNA biopsies of PCa by qRT-PCR and was consistent with the ceRNA array data. The association between the expression of the lncRNA LAMTOR5-AS1 and aggressive cancer was also investigated. Regulatory network analysis of DelncRNAs showed that the lncRNAs RP11-33A14.1 and RP11-423H2.3 targeted miR-7, miR-24-3p, and miR-30 and interacted with the RNA binding protein FUS. Knockdown of these DelncRNAs in PCa cells also demonstrated the effects of RP11-423H2.3 on miR-7/miR-24/miR-30 or LAMTOR5-AS1 on miR-942-5p/miR-542-3p via direct interaction. The results of these studies indicate that these three specific lncRNA signatures and regulatory

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Specific Long Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid Signatures and Regulatory Networks in Prostate Cancer in Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies

Zheng

Xia

et al. 2020

Front. Genet.

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“…The test measures the amount of two genes that are associated with aggressive prostate cancer with a high NPV for Grade Group ≥2 (Gleason score ≥7). In definitive, SelectMDx combined with mpMRI could better select men candidates to AS ruling out patients who do not have csPCa improving the cost-effectiveness (25)(26)(27). In a multicenter study including 916 men submitted to initial prostate biopsy, Haese et al (28) reported a sensitivity, specificity and NPV of SelectMDx in the diagnosis of csPCa equal to 93, 47 and 95%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiparametric MRI Versus SelectMDx Accuracy in the Diagnosis of Clinically Significant PCa in Men Enrolled in Active Surveillance

Pepe

Dibenedetto

Pepe

et al. 2019

In Vivo

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Background/Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the urinary SelectMDx test in the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in men enrolled in an active surveillance (AS) protocol. Patients and Methods: From July 2015 to July 2018, 125 men with very low-risk PCa were enrolled in the AS protocol; all patients underwent confirmatory transperineal saturation biopsy (SPBx). In the presence of PI-RADS score ≥3, a targeted MRI/TRUS fusion-guided biopsy was added to SPBx. Postdigital rectal examination urine was collected in 45/125 (36%) patients before SPBx; the genetic urine analysis was performed using a biomarker-based risk score model, the SelectMDx, that measured mRNA levels of distal-less homeobox 1 (DLX1) and homeobox C6 (HOXC6). Results: A total of 9/45 (20%) patients were reclassified as csPCa (7 cases=Grade Group 2; 2 cases=Grade Group 3); sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of mpMRI vs. SelectMDx in the diagnosis of csPCa were equal to 66.

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“…Urine is divided into sediments, which allows the macroscopic study of crystalline structures in the form of salts and supernatants, where we find proteins, metabolites, nucleic acids and vesicles of extracellular origin [8]. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is found to increase in the urine in patients with prostate cancer, although the clinical routine determines it in blood [8]. Urine DNA comes from glomerular filtration where the fragments are 100 base pairs, although it depends on the patient's condition.…”

Section: Biofluids: Storage Of Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Biopsy as Novel Tool in Precision Medicine: Origins, Properties, Identification and Clinical Perspective of Cancer’s Biomarkers

et al. 2020

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In recent years, there has been an increase in knowledge of cancer, accompanied by a technological development that gives rise to medical oncology. An instrument that allows the implementation of individualized therapeutic strategies is the liquid biopsy. Currently, it is the most innovative methodology in medical oncology. Its high potential as a tool for screening and early detection, the possibility of assessing the patient’s condition after diagnosis and relapse, as well as the effectiveness of real-time treatments in different types of cancer. Liquid biopsy is capable of overcoming the limitations of tissue biopsies. The elements that compose the liquid biopsy are circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor nucleic acids, free of cells or contained in exosomes, microvesicle and platelets. Liquid biopsy studies are performed on various biofluids extracted in a non-invasive way, and they can be performed both from the blood and in urine, saliva or cerebrospinal fluid. The development of genotyping techniques, using the elements that make up liquid biopsy, make it possible to detect mutations, intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity, and provide molecular information on cancer for application in medical oncology in an individualized way in different types of tumors. Therefore, liquid biopsy has the potential to change the way medical oncology could predict the course of the disease.

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Smarter screening for prostate cancer

Cited by 43 publications

References 32 publications

Identification of Specific Long Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid Signatures and Regulatory Networks in Prostate Cancer in Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies

Identification of Specific Long Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid Signatures and Regulatory Networks in Prostate Cancer in Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies

Multiparametric MRI Versus SelectMDx Accuracy in the Diagnosis of Clinically Significant PCa in Men Enrolled in Active Surveillance

Liquid Biopsy as Novel Tool in Precision Medicine: Origins, Properties, Identification and Clinical Perspective of Cancer’s Biomarkers

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