Smart water spontaneous imbibition into oil-wet carbonate reservoir cores: Symbiotic and individual behavior of potential determining ions

Shirazi, Mahsa; Farzaneh, Javad; Kord, Shahin; Tamsilian, Yousef

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112102

Cited by 37 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The ionic composition of injected brines was based on the seawater (SW) composition . In this study the concentration of calcium in brines was modified, as it was previously reported that this cation is effective in enhancing the oil recovery at temperatures less than 90 °C. , Brine compositions used in this work were selected based on the results of our previous studies , and literature review. , The maximum concentration of calcium was limited to 3× (1950 ppm) to prevent the precipitation of gypsum in brine. The full composition of each brine is presented in Table .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the foregoing mechanisms have one feature in common, and that is that oil recovery improves with the addition of divalent ions, such as Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ,and SO 4 2– . Recent studies, − though, have shown that the decreasing concentration of cations can also lead to improvement in recovery. This adds further controversy to the mechanism of wettability alteration due to the ion-tuned water flooding, which will be addressed in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pore-Scale Investigation of the Ion-Tuned Water Effect on the Surface Properties of Limestone Reservoirs

et al. 2021

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Ion-tuned waterflooding is a novel enhanced oil recovery method that involves modifying the ionic composition of the injected water (sea) to change the wetting properties of reservoir rocks. Currently, there is, however, no agreement among researchers on the mechanisms of the ion-tuned effect (ITE). In this study, we have conducted a pore-scale study to directly visualize the changes in oil recovery and contact angle alteration in carbonate rock samples. This was achieved by completing a series of core-flooding experiments with alternated ion composition of brines and micro-CT imaging. In addition, these results were correlated with macro- and nanoscale measurements represented by sessile-drop contact angle and DLVO-based contact angle calculation. The results show that, for both ways, either an increase or a decrease in the calcium concentration in the injected water leads to an increase in water wettability and, therefore, increased recovery. When comparing the evidence among the studies of macro-, pore-, and nanoscales, it becomes clear that electrical double-layer expansion is a dominant mechanism at a low calcium concentration, while surface ion exchange is due primarily to a high calcium concentration. It is also noteworthy that plain seawater is proven to be an effective wettability-altering agent for carbonates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore-Scale Investigation of the Ion-Tuned Water Effect on the Surface Properties of Limestone Reservoirs

et al. 2021

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“…7. Secondly, it should be mentioned that the ions in the brine are in contact with the rock surface through an electrical double layer which is formed by diffusive and stern layers, and they can be either adsorbed by the attractive force on the rock or driven away from the surface by the repulsive force (Lashkarbolooki et al 2017;Shirazi et al 2020). Therefore, when the brine has a high concentration of NaCl, high levels of Na + in the diffusive layer are present, and less chance is given to divalent ions to be positioned in the electrical double layer so as to further reduce the contact angle due to their activity.…”

Section: Effect Of Pgsw With Different Salinities On Contact Angle and Zeta Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of ion-engineered Persian Gulf seawater in EOR: effects of different ions on interfacial tension, contact angle, zeta potential, and oil recovery

Dehaghani

Elyaderani

2021

Pet. Sci.

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In this study, we initially performed interfacial tension (IFT) tests to investigate the potential of using the Persian Gulf seawater (PGSW) as smart water with different concentrations of NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, and Na2SO4. Next, for each salt, at the concentration where IFT was minimum, we conducted contact angle, zeta potential, and micromodel flooding tests. The results showed that IFT is minimized if NaCl or KCl is removed from PGSW; thus, for solutions lacking NaCl and KCl, the IFT values were obtained at 26.29 and 26.56 mN/m, respectively. Conversely, in the case of divalent ions, minimum IFT occurred when the concentration of MgCl2, CaCl2, and Na2SO4 in PGSW increased. Specifically, a threefold rise in the concentration of Na2SO4 further reduced IFT as compared to optimal concentrations of MgCl2 or CaCl2. It should be mentioned that eliminating NaCl from PGSW resulted in the lowest IFT value compared to adding or removing other ions. Whereas the removal of NaCl caused the contact angle to decrease from 91.0° to 67.8° relative to PGSW and changed surface wettability to weakly water-wet, eliminating KCl did not considerably change the contact angle, such that it only led to a nine-degree reduction in this angle relative to PGSW and left wettability in the same neutral-wet condition. At optimal concentrations of MgCl2, CaCl2, and Na2SO4, only an increase in Na2SO4 concentration in PGSW could change wettability from neutral-wet to weakly water-wet. For solutions with optimal concentrations, the removal of NaCl or KCl caused the rock surface to have slightly higher negative charges, and increasing the concentration of divalent ions led to a small reduction in the negative charge of the surface. The results of micromodel flooding indicated that NaCl-free PGSW could raise oil recovery by 10.12% relative to PGSW. Furthermore, when the Na2SO4 concentration in PGSW was tripled, the oil recovery increased by 7.34% compared to PGSW. Accordingly, depending on the conditions, it is possible to use PGSW so as to enhance the efficiency of oil recovery by removing NaCl or by increasing the concentration of Na2SO4 three times.

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“…The role of divalent ions (Mg²⁺ and SO₄²⁻) was examined by modifying their concentrations with respect to a reference solution. Following the common experimental convention [41][42][43] , the concentration of divalent ions was individually increased fourfold to attain two different brines, namely, SW4Mg 2+ and SW4SO4 2-, respectively. To decouple the contribution of divalent ions, a solution solely containing Na⁺ and Cl⁻, called SWNaCl, was also utilized here in the simulation.…”

Section: Model Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion-specific interactions at calcite–brine interfaces: a nano-scale study of the surface charge development and preferential binding of polar hydrocarbons

Badizad

Koleini

Greenwell

et al. 2020

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Smart water spontaneous imbibition into oil-wet carbonate reservoir cores: Symbiotic and individual behavior of potential determining ions

Cited by 37 publications

References 33 publications

Pore-Scale Investigation of the Ion-Tuned Water Effect on the Surface Properties of Limestone Reservoirs

Pore-Scale Investigation of the Ion-Tuned Water Effect on the Surface Properties of Limestone Reservoirs

Application of ion-engineered Persian Gulf seawater in EOR: effects of different ions on interfacial tension, contact angle, zeta potential, and oil recovery

Ion-specific interactions at calcite–brine interfaces: a nano-scale study of the surface charge development and preferential binding of polar hydrocarbons

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