Smart water injection

Abdi, Arastoo; Bahmani, Zahra; Ranjbar, Behnam; Riazi, M.R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821931-7.00008-0

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Potential-determining ion composition and concentration, reservoir rock composition, and system pressure are typically investigated experimentally, and the observed results are interpreted with different models or simulations. While each research approach is internally consistent, experimental conditions vary between studies, with incongruity in IF compositions, concentrations, and dilution factors. ,, Comparison across studies is hindered by the differing methods of reporting brine compositions, core samples properties, and oil properties. Specifically, the reported effects of monovalent sodium and chloride ions on the recovery of residual oil in carbonate media are conflicting, and specific interactions with divalent potential-determining ions may be important .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wettability Alteration and Enhanced Oil Recovery in Carbonate Porous Media by Tuning Waterflood Chemistry

Bribiesca Rodriguez,

Shaffer

2024

Energy Fuels

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Waterflooding for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is described by a multiphase system consisting of oil, the hosting rock reservoir matrix, and an invading fluid (IF) that is injected into the reservoir to displace the residual oil. Wettability is one of the unique physicochemical properties of this multiphase system that is known to influence oil displacement by the IF and affect oil recovery. Tuning IF chemistry, such as through low salinity waterflooding, has been shown to alter the wettability of the reservoir media for increased oil recovery. For carbonate rock reservoirs, specifically, reports of wettability alteration with changes in IF chemistry have been inconsistent, and the role of divalent potential-determining ions in altering carbonate reservoir wettability is debated. The lack of understanding of how IF chemistry alters wettability in carbonate reservoirs limits field-scale predictions of EOR effectiveness. This research systematically evaluated the interactions of different IF compositions with model oil-wet carbonate media and correlated these interactions to fluid displacement patterns observed during waterflooding of carbonate granular media in a Hele-Shaw cell. Fluid displacement stability was quantified by the fractal dimension of the displaced fluid area, which was compared across time and length scales using the effective capillary number. Results show that dissolved calcium ions specifically interact with oil-wet carbonate surfaces to reduce the magnitude of the negative surface charge and alter wettability, resulting in more stable fluid displacement patterns during waterflooding. The findings improve fundamental understanding of wettability alteration and have implications for the design of IFs for EOR in carbonate reservoirs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wettability Alteration and Enhanced Oil Recovery in Carbonate Porous Media by Tuning Waterflood Chemistry

Bribiesca Rodriguez,

Shaffer

2024

Energy Fuels

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“…There are two types of smart water: low-salinity water (salinity < 5000 ppm) and high-salinity water. The injection of low-salinity water was a beneficial method approximately 54 years ago 1 . However, unlike sandstones, carbonate reservoir mechanisms present some inexplicable phenomena that hinder the efficacy of low-salinity water 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, unlike sandstones, carbonate reservoir mechanisms present some inexplicable phenomena that hinder the efficacy of low-salinity water 2 . While numerous studies have identified wettability alteration as the primary mechanism, other factors have also been investigated because of the emerging nature of low-salinity processes 1 , 3 . Therefore, the primary objective of smart water is to alter the wettability from oil-wet to more water-wet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, studies by Wang and Alvarado 55 , Cho et al 56 and Ch´avez-Miyauchi et al 57 have shown that reducing IFT without altering wettability (making it more water-wet) can enhance oil recovery. A key factor determining the effectiveness of low-salinity water in crude oil is the presence of polar components 1 . Asphaltenes, because of their structure, can accumulate at the interface between water and oil, exhibiting surface-active materials 58 – 60 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the mechanism of interfacial tension reduction through the combination of low-salinity water and bacteria

Abdi,

Ranjbar,

Kazemzadeh

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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In the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process, interfacial tension (IFT) has become a crucial factor because of its impact on the recovery of residual oil. The use of surfactants and biosurfactants can reduce IFT and enhance oil recovery by decreasing it. Asphaltene in crude oil has the structural ability to act as a surface-active material. In microbial-enhanced oil recovery (MEOR), biosurfactant production, even in small amounts, is a significant mechanism that reduces IFT. This study aimed to investigate fluid/fluid interaction by combining low biosurfactant values and low-salinity water using NaCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2 salts at concentrations of 0, 1000, and 5000 ppm, along with Geobacillus stearothermophilus. By evaluating the IFT, this study investigated different percentages of 0, 1, and 5 wt.% of varying asphaltene with aqueous bulk containing low-salinity water and its combination with bacteria. The results indicated G. Stearothermophilus led to the formation of biosurfactants, resulting in a reduction in IFT for both acidic and basic asphaltene. Moreover, the interaction between asphaltene and G. Stearothermophilus with higher asphaltene percentages showed a decrease in IFT under both acidic and basic conditions. Additionally, the study found that the interaction between acidic asphaltene and G. stearothermophilus, in the presence of CaCl2, NaCl, and MgCl2 salts, resulted in a higher formation of biosurfactants and intrinsic surfactants at the interface of the two phases, in contrast to the interaction involving basic asphaltene. These findings emphasize the dependence of the interactions between asphaltene and G. Stearothermophilus, salt, and bacteria on the specific type and concentration of asphaltene.

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“…In addition, some studies suggest that wettability alteration takes place in the reservoir during exploitation; e.g. low-salinity water injection for enhanced oil recovery [1,41], carbon capture and storage (CCS) in saline aquifers [45,59,10], and groundwater remediation [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Lubrication Model with Slope-Dependent Disjoining Pressure for Modeling Wettability Alteration

Norouzisadeh,

Leroy,

Soulaine

2023

Preprint

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Smart water injection

Cited by 7 publications

References 149 publications

Wettability Alteration and Enhanced Oil Recovery in Carbonate Porous Media by Tuning Waterflood Chemistry

Wettability Alteration and Enhanced Oil Recovery in Carbonate Porous Media by Tuning Waterflood Chemistry

Investigating the mechanism of interfacial tension reduction through the combination of low-salinity water and bacteria

A Lubrication Model with Slope-Dependent Disjoining Pressure for Modeling Wettability Alteration

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