Smart water effects on a crude oil-brine-carbonate rock (CBR) system: Further suggestions on mechanisms and conditions

Honarvar, Bizhan; Rahimi, Ali; Safari, Mehdi; Khajehahmadi, Samaneh; Karimi, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112173

Cited by 46 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In this method, the shape of an oil droplet, the fluid density, gravity force, and the size of the needle were employed to evaluate IFT. It should be noted that this method has received wide currency among researchers since it can precisely measure IFT values (Saeedi Dehaghani et al 2020;Honarvar et al 2020a;Lashkarbolooki and Ayatollahi 2018;Manshad et al 2016;Nowrouzi et al 2019;Lashkarbolooki et al 2014). In this IFT measurement, the oil droplet was suspended in the brine by means of a needle; then, Drop Shape Analysis Software (Lab-VIEW software) was used to calculate IFT from a photo which was taken by a high-resolution microscopic camera.…”

Section: Ift Contact Angle and Zeta Potential Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4). Based on Gibb's adsorption correlation, there is a relationship between IFT and surface excess concentration, such that if the surface excess is positive, the IFT reduction is visible and vice versa (Honarvar et al 2020a;Lashkarbolooki et al 2014;Rahimi et al 2020).…”

Section: Effect Of Pgsw With Different Salinities On Iftmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smart water is obtained by adjusting and optimizing the concentration of ions in the base fluid or by adding a salt containing the ions that can change the balance of the oil/brine/rock system and improve oil recovery (Austad 2013;Abubacker et al 2017; Edited by Yan-Hua Sun Darvish Sarvestani et al 2019;Manshad et al 2016). Smart water can change the wettability of the rock surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic and reduce interfacial tension (IFT), hence allowing trapped oil to move easily (Al-sofi and Yousef 2013;Honarvar et al 2020a;Manshad et al 2017;Mohanty and Chandrasekhar 2013;Nowrouzi et al 2019;Saeedi Dehaghani and Badizad 2019;Saeedi Dehaghani et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of ion-engineered Persian Gulf seawater in EOR: effects of different ions on interfacial tension, contact angle, zeta potential, and oil recovery

Dehaghani

Elyaderani

2021

Pet. Sci.

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In this study, we initially performed interfacial tension (IFT) tests to investigate the potential of using the Persian Gulf seawater (PGSW) as smart water with different concentrations of NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, and Na2SO4. Next, for each salt, at the concentration where IFT was minimum, we conducted contact angle, zeta potential, and micromodel flooding tests. The results showed that IFT is minimized if NaCl or KCl is removed from PGSW; thus, for solutions lacking NaCl and KCl, the IFT values were obtained at 26.29 and 26.56 mN/m, respectively. Conversely, in the case of divalent ions, minimum IFT occurred when the concentration of MgCl2, CaCl2, and Na2SO4 in PGSW increased. Specifically, a threefold rise in the concentration of Na2SO4 further reduced IFT as compared to optimal concentrations of MgCl2 or CaCl2. It should be mentioned that eliminating NaCl from PGSW resulted in the lowest IFT value compared to adding or removing other ions. Whereas the removal of NaCl caused the contact angle to decrease from 91.0° to 67.8° relative to PGSW and changed surface wettability to weakly water-wet, eliminating KCl did not considerably change the contact angle, such that it only led to a nine-degree reduction in this angle relative to PGSW and left wettability in the same neutral-wet condition. At optimal concentrations of MgCl2, CaCl2, and Na2SO4, only an increase in Na2SO4 concentration in PGSW could change wettability from neutral-wet to weakly water-wet. For solutions with optimal concentrations, the removal of NaCl or KCl caused the rock surface to have slightly higher negative charges, and increasing the concentration of divalent ions led to a small reduction in the negative charge of the surface. The results of micromodel flooding indicated that NaCl-free PGSW could raise oil recovery by 10.12% relative to PGSW. Furthermore, when the Na2SO4 concentration in PGSW was tripled, the oil recovery increased by 7.34% compared to PGSW. Accordingly, depending on the conditions, it is possible to use PGSW so as to enhance the efficiency of oil recovery by removing NaCl or by increasing the concentration of Na2SO4 three times.

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Section: Ift Contact Angle and Zeta Potential Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Pgsw With Different Salinities On Iftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of ion-engineered Persian Gulf seawater in EOR: effects of different ions on interfacial tension, contact angle, zeta potential, and oil recovery

Dehaghani

Elyaderani

2021

Pet. Sci.

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“…Other laboratory studies and field trials verify the positive effect of low salinity and the importance of brine chemistry on oil recovery. Different studies have shown that for each crude oil/brine/rock (CBR) combination, there are an optimum salinity concentration and certain ion composition that could result in the most optimum incremental oil recovery (Al-Shalabi and Sepehrnoori 2016;Webb et al 2005;Zhang et al 2007;Gupta et al 2011;Honarvar et al 2020;Hiorth et al 2010;Rashid et al 2015;Rezaeidoust et al 2009;Su et al 2019;Strand et al 2003;Austad et al 2015;den Ouden et al 2015;Al-Kharusi et al 2018;Fani et al 2019;Yousef et al 2012;Al-Attar et al 2013;Alameri et al 2014;Ayirala et al 2019;Awolayo et al 2014;Fathi et al 2010;Ghandi et al 2019;Jabbar et al 2013;Jadhunandan and Morrow 1995;Karimi et al 2016;Lashkarbolooki et al 2017;Ligthelm et al 2009;Robertson 2009;Tang and Morrow 1999;Tweheyo et al 2006;Winoto et al 2012;Yousef et al 2010Yousef et al , 2011Yu et al 2008;Zaeri et al 2018;Zahid et al 2012; http://porta l.kaznt u.kz/files /publi cate/2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different mechanisms are suggested to explain the additional oil recovery by LSW and ion-engineered brines in carbonates, with multi-ion exchange (MIE) and rock dissolution mechanisms the most-widely accepted (Honarvar et al 2020;Hiorth et al 2010;Rashid et al 2015;Rezaeidoust et al 2009;Su et al 2019;Strand et al 2003;Austad et al 2015;den Ouden et al 2015;. By introducing low-salinity water into a CBR system, the initial conditions in the CBR are disturbed, which affects wettability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of SO42−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ ions in Caspian Sea ion-engineered water on the rate of wettability alteration in carbonates

Bazhanova

Pourafshary

2020

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Tuning the salinity and concentration of potential-determining ions, such as Mg2+, Ca2+, and SO42−, could alter the wettability toward a more water-wet state. The rate of alteration in carbonate rock wettability is a critical parameter to design the duration of the ion-engineered water flooding. Characteristic experiments, such as dynamic contact angle and pH measurements, ion chromatography, and spontaneous imbibition, are applied to study the rate of wettability alteration using different samples of ion-engineered water. Our study shows that the Caspian Sea water (CSW) with a salinity of 15,000 ppm is an efficient displacing fluid as it can initiate the multi-ion exchange (MIE) mechanism and alter the wettability from 86° to 35° within 2 d. The adjustment of salinity and active ion concentration makes the MIE mechanism much faster. For example, with five times diluted CSW, the same change in wettability is only achieved only within 9 h. Spiking the concentration of Ca2+ and SO42− ions is used to further shift the contact angle to 22° within 9 h. Spontaneous imbibition tests demonstrate that the rate of oil production doubles as a result of the ion-engineered brine due to the faster MIE process. The results obtained from this research work suggest that even a short period of interaction with optimized engineered water can affect the brine, oil, and carbonates interactions and change the reservoir rock initial wettability from neutral to strongly water-wet state. This allows to efficiently design engineered water flooding based on CSW in the field scale and make such projects more profitable.

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Evaluating groundwater quality and salinity dynamics in the Western-west area of El Minya Governorate, Egypt, based on geochemical modelling and multivariate analysis

Asmoay

2023

J.Umm Al-Qura Univ. Appll. Sci.

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In the Western-west area of El Minya Governorate, Egypt, the present study investigates the water quality and salinity of 33 groundwater samples. The primary aim is to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of water purity and gain insights into salinity dynamics. The investigation involves a combination of geochemical analysis and multivariate statistics to reveal significant findings that contribute to our understanding of groundwater characteristics in the region. The collected groundwater samples are analyzed to assess various properties, including pH levels, mineral content, hardness, and salinity. The prevalence of sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) ions emerges as a noteworthy aspect, implying their derivation from deeper aquifers through mechanisms like upward seepage or reverse ion exchange. The observation is validated through Durov's plot analysis. Concerning the suitability of the water for consumption, the study raises concerns. Apart from magnesium (Mg) ions, all other parameters exceed the acceptable drinking water limits defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), indicating potential health implications related to water quality in the region. Furthermore, outcomes from the saturation index reveal an oversaturation of groundwater with evaporites and carbonates, with halite and sylvite minerals standing as exceptions to this trend. Negative chloroalkaline ratios offer insights into the origins of excessive Na and Cl ions in 72% of the samples, pointing towards processes such as rainy recharging and reverse ion exchange as contributors. Gibbs' chart analysis highlights evaporite dissolution as the predominant process influencing water composition. The study also utilizes principal component analysis, identifying the dissolution of halite as the primary source of Na, K, Cl, and SO4 ions, while the presence of calcium (Ca) and bicarbonate (HCO3) ions originates from the dissolution of carbonate minerals, thereby influencing water hardness and salinity levels. Considering the findings, we recommend the dilution of groundwater with fresh water, assuming the absence of additional contaminants. This step is essential for enhancing water safety for drinking purposes. This research not only advances our understanding of water quality and salinity dynamics in the region but also underscores the imperative for implementing sustainable water resource management strategies. Furthermore, we propose that future investigations delve into the broader environmental ramifications of these discoveries, thus contributing to a more holistic comprehension of the complexities associated with groundwater quality and salinity.

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Smart water effects on a crude oil-brine-carbonate rock (CBR) system: Further suggestions on mechanisms and conditions

Cited by 46 publications

References 40 publications

Application of ion-engineered Persian Gulf seawater in EOR: effects of different ions on interfacial tension, contact angle, zeta potential, and oil recovery

Application of ion-engineered Persian Gulf seawater in EOR: effects of different ions on interfacial tension, contact angle, zeta potential, and oil recovery

Impact of SO42−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ ions in Caspian Sea ion-engineered water on the rate of wettability alteration in carbonates

Evaluating groundwater quality and salinity dynamics in the Western-west area of El Minya Governorate, Egypt, based on geochemical modelling and multivariate analysis

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