Smart Vehicles in the Smart Grid: Challenges, Trends, and Application to the Design of Charging Stations

2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)

Michailidis

Papapanagiotou

et al. 2013

Self Cite

To facilitate the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and their plug-in hybrid (PHEVs) counterparts and to avoid straining the capacity of the power grid there is a strong need for developing a network of fast charging facilities and coordinate their service. Incorporation of EVs in the vehicle fleet would decrease green house gas emissions and overall dependency on fossil fuels.A key issue in charging EVs is that the corresponding time is fairly large, which can lead to very long delays. Hence, for the network of charging stations to provide good quality of service to customers, we first propose an admission control mechanism based on pricing for a single charging station. Subsequently, we develop a decentralized routing scheme of EV drivers, employing a game theoretic model. The latter entices drivers through price incentives to require charging from less busy stations, thus leading to a more efficient utilization of power across the network, while it enhances profit for the charging facilities operator. Of note, the proposed scheme does not require advanced monitoring tools for power usage and pricing calculations. The drivers receive and send back the necessary information through the a communications infrastructure and the routing is initiated only when the network has exceeded a critical threshold. The numerical results illustrate the discussed benefits of the proposed scheme.

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralized control of electric vehicles in a network of fast charging stations

2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)

Michailidis

Papapanagiotou

et al. 2013

Self Cite

“…Nevertheless, deploying large scale charging stations may lead to grid instabilities. However, equipping each station with an energy storage device can reduce the impact of EV charging as shown in [7], [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Power Allocation in a Network of Fast Charging Stations

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

Michailidis

Devetsikiotis

et al. 2013

Self Cite

146

In order to increase the penetration of electric vehicles, a network of fast charging stations that can provide drivers with a certain level of quality of service (QoS) is needed. However, given the strain that such a network can exert on the power grid, and the mobility of loads represented by electric vehicles, operating it efficiently is a challenging problem. In this paper, we examine a network of charging stations equipped with an energy storage device and propose a scheme that allocates power to them from the grid, as well as routes customers. We examine three scenarios, gradually increasing their complexity. In the first one, all stations have identical charging capabilities and energy storage devices, draw constant power from the grid and no routing decisions of customers are considered. It represents the current state of affairs and serves as a baseline for evaluating the performance of the proposed scheme. In the second scenario, power to the stations is allocated in an optimal manner from the grid and in addition a certain percentage of customers can be routed to nearby stations. In the final scenario, optimal allocation of both power from the grid and customers to stations is considered. The three scenarios are evaluated using real traffic traces corresponding to weekday rush hour from a large metropolitan area in the US. The results indicate that the proposed scheme offers substantial improvements of performance compared to the current mode of operation; namely, more customers can be served with the same amount of power, thus enabling the station operators to increase their profitability. Further, the scheme provides guarantees to customers in terms of the probability of being blocked by the closest charging station. Overall, the paper addresses key issues related to the efficient operation of a network of charging stations.Comment: Published in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications July 201

“…Unavailability will refrain customers from locating and scheduling charging stations. Similarly, it may lead to suboptimal station selection both for customers (more expensive) and the grid operator (busy stations or long waiting lines may cause customer dissatisfaction) [101,102]. There are a handful of studies that quantify the cost of bad communication system performance.…”

Section: System Reliability and Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey on communication technologies and requirements for internet of electric vehicles

Papapanagiotou

2014

J Wireless Com Network

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming a more attractive transportation option, as they offer great cost savings, decrease foreign oil dependency, and reduce carbon emissions. However, varying temporal and spatial demand patterns of EVs threatens power grid operations and its physical components. Thus, the ability of the power grid to handle the potential extra load has become a major factor in the mainstream success. In order for this integration to occur seamlessly, the power grid and the consumers need to be coordinated in harmony. In this paper, we address the critical challenges introduced by the penetration of EVs, systematically categorize the proposed frameworks for demand management, and the role of information and communication technologies in the solution process. We provide a comprehensive survey on the communication requirements, the standards and the candidate technologies towards the Internet of electric vehicles (IoEV). This survey summarizes the current state of research efforts in electric vehicle demand management and aims to shed light on the continued studies.