Smart utilization of jatropha (Jatropha curcas Linnaeus) seeds for biodiesel production: Optimization and mechanism

Valorization of mixed radish seed oil and Prunus armeniaca L. oil as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production: Evaluation and analysis of biodiesels

“…The highest conversion of mixed RO-AKO to EBD was attained after 75 min of the reaction while at 45 min were the best duration to give the maxim yields of both MBD and MEBD. 57 So, the effect of the agitation speed on the BD yield was inspected by examining varied stirring rates ranged from 300 to 900 rpm with keeping other variables fixed at their typical values obtained earlier. This outcome may be due to that extremely longreaction period might drive the reaction in the reversible direction, which may decline the BD yield as a result of the formation of soaps.…”

“…Increasing the stirring speed may improve the miscibility of the two phases by enhancing the mass transfer between the two liquids. 57 So, the effect of the agitation speed on the BD yield was inspected by examining varied stirring rates ranged from 300 to 900 rpm with keeping other variables fixed at their typical values obtained earlier. As manifested in Figure 6, the low agitation speeds created a low yield of BD as a consequence of the incomplete reaction.…”

Process intensification of biodiesel synthesis via ultrasound‐assisted in situ esterification of Jatropha oil seeds

“…H 2 SO 4 has been commonly applied because of its superior acid strength, which is responsible for releasing more H + species to protonate the carboxylic moiety of the fatty acid (rate determinant step) . However, wastewater generation from the washing step increases the biodiesel production cost due to the necessity for wastewater treatment . For heterogeneous acid catalysts, tungstophosphoric acid/activated carbon (TPA/AC), tungstophosphoric acid/gamma alumina (TPA/Al) and tungstophosphoric acid/cesium (TPA/Cs) has been reported for esterification of Jatropha oil in the presence of ultrasound.…”

“…9 However, wastewater generation from the washing step increases the biodiesel production cost due to the necessity for wastewater treatment. 10 For heterogeneous acid catalysts, tungstophosphoric acid/activated carbon (TPA/AC), 8 tungstophosphoric acid/gamma alumina (TPA/Al) 11 and tungstophosphoric acid/cesium (TPA/Cs) 12 has been reported for esterification of Jatropha oil in the presence of ultrasound. Although solid acid catalysts offer easy separation from the reaction mixture, they suffer from leaching problem which could cause reduction in catalyst activity after several runs.…”

Aplicação de métodos de seleção de variáveis para o controle de qualidade de biodiesel de pinhão manso e de moringa em misturas com diesel usando espectrometria no infravermelho médio

“…É uma cultura perene, resistente às secas, desenvolve-se em terras marginais, rochosas, salinas e desérticas. As suas sementes têm um teor de óleo situado entre 54 -64% (m/m) (KAMEL et al, 2018), um alto teor de óleo para Outra importância da seleção de variáveis é reduzir o risco de sobreajuste no modelo construído e simplificação nos processamentos computacionais. Fazer a seleção de variáveis significa tentar inúmeras combinações de variáveis e selecionar as melhores (ANDERSEN; BRO, 2010;DU et al, 2004).…”