Smart Textiles with Self-Disinfection and Photothermochromic Effects

Abstract

Self-disinfecting textile materials employing combined photodynamic/photothermal effects enable the prevention of microbial infections, a property that has great potential in healthcare applications. However, smart textiles with stimulus responses to ambient temperature are marvelous materials for enhancing their photothermal applications with additional functions. It is still challenging to realize vivid and contrasting color changes as temperature indicators. Herein, through the in situ growth of PCN-224 metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), the electrospraying of a Ti3C2 MXene colloid, and the screen printing of a thermochromic dye, a smart photothermochromic self-disinfecting textile has been fabricated. An antibacterial inactivation study revealed 99.9999% inactivation toward gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 8099) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538) bacteria in 30 min. A mechanism study revealed that light-driven singlet oxygen and heat are the main reasons for bacterial inactivation. Interestingly, the fabrics presented photothermal effects not only under a handheld 780 nm NIR laser but also under visible Xe lamp (λ ≥ 420 nm) illumination. The color of the fabrics (S-CF@PCN0.08) changed completely from dark green to dark red when the temperature exceeded 45 °C under Xe lamp illumination. Furthermore, the photothermochromic effect occurred in just 1 s under a 780 nm laser. Taken together, this smart photothermochromic self-disinfecting textile permits a new way to feedback the timely signal of temperature by color change and provides novel insights into the development of self-disinfecting textiles.

Porphyrin-Containing MOFs and COFs as Heterogeneous Photosensitizers for Singlet Oxygen-Based Antimicrobial Nanodevices

“…In the context of this review, the term drug implies the photosensitizer with its various components including composites (MOF or COF physiosorbed to a noninnocent inorganic or organic nanomaterial). The use of porphyrin-based 2D and 3D MOFs and COFs as photosensitizers, catalysts, or simply a platform containing other residues for the eradication of bacteria has indeed experienced an impressive boom in the past few years. ,− Applications in plant management have also been reported, which represents a new topic of research for MOFs . Additionally, some MOFs were used as sensors of drug-resistant bacteria using PCN-224 (the structure is shown in Figure ).…”

Iodine Immobilized Metal–Organic Framework for NIR‐Triggered Antibacterial Therapy on Orthopedic Implants

“…We further investigated the antibacterial mechanism of our strategy in vitro. As large bodies of literature suggested that generation of intracellular ROS was a key mechanism to effectively kill the invading bacteria, [ 9,22,41,42 ] we specifically characterized the change of intracellular ROS level of bacteria in response to designated treatments. Green fluorescent signal was clearly observed in MAO+ZI group after irradiation ( Figure A), while no fluorescence signals were found in the control groups, suggesting a dramatically‐increased intracellular ROS level in MAO+ZI after NIR exposure.…”

Emerging MXene@Metal–Organic Framework Hybrids: Design Strategies toward Versatile Applications

“…Nie and co-workers demonstrated the synthesis of MXene and MOF hybrids by a facile mixing approach which was then employed for the fabrication of smart textile. 95 After the synthesis of PCN-224 MOF-modified cotton fabric (CF), the formation of hybrid was achieved by electrochemically spraying Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene aqueous solution over it. Further, thermochromic dye was introduced into the CF@PCN hybrid toward exploitation of photothermochromic effects.…”

“…Very recently, Nie and co-workers successfully achieved the synthesis of MXene and MOF-based smart textiles having photothermochromic effect and self-disinfection property. 95 PCN-224 MOF was grown on cotton fabric (CF) to get CF@ PCN, which was then electro-sprayed with an aqueous solution Ti 3 C 2 to obtain CF@PCN x (where x = MXene wt cm −3 ). Finally, the smart textile (S-CF@PCN x ) was obtained by coating its surface with a thermochromic dye.…”