Smart Systems in Emergency Wayfinding: A Literature Review

Vilar, Elisângela; Rebelo, Francisco; Noriega, Paulo

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91803-7_28

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In general, static signs made of paper, metal or plastic [ 57 ] are the main support system for safety communications. These are symbol-based signs consistent with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 3864-1 and American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z535.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other new alternatives are smart active systems or smart signals, concepts that have emerged from smart cities [ 8 ]. A smart signal is usually a traditional signal to which some smart capabilities are added, enabling an optimal match between occupants´ behavior and characteristics and environmental conditions [ 2 , 57 ]. The smart signal can be dynamic, adaptable and/or interactive.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gamification and Hazard Communication in Virtual Reality: A Qualitative Study

Cavalcanti

Valls

Contero

et al. 2021

Sensors

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An effective warning attracts attention, elicits knowledge, and enables compliance behavior. Game mechanics, which are directly linked to human desires, stand out as training, evaluation, and improvement tools. Immersive virtual reality (VR) facilitates training without risk to participants, evaluates the impact of an incorrect action/decision, and creates a smart training environment. The present study analyzes the user experience in a gamified virtual environment of risks using the HTC Vive head-mounted display. The game was developed in the Unreal game engine and consisted of a walk-through maze composed of evident dangers and different signaling variables while user action data were recorded. To demonstrate which aspects provide better interaction, experience, perception and memory, three different warning configurations (dynamic, static and smart) and two different levels of danger (low and high) were presented. To properly assess the impact of the experience, we conducted a survey about personality and knowledge before and after using the game. We proceeded with the qualitative approach by using questions in a bipolar laddering assessment that was compared with the recorded data during the game. The findings indicate that when users are engaged in VR, they tend to test the consequences of their actions rather than maintaining safety. The results also reveal that textual signal variables are not accessed when users are faced with the stress factor of time. Progress is needed in implementing new technologies for warnings and advance notifications to improve the evaluation of human behavior in virtual environments of high-risk surroundings.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamification and Hazard Communication in Virtual Reality: A Qualitative Study

Cavalcanti

Valls

Contero

et al. 2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, under these circumstances, people (including building occupants, pedestrians, and visitors) tend to attempt evacuation via the way they entered, bypassing or ignoring emergency exits [2][3][4]. Because the length of escape time is a critical determinant of survival [5,6], indoor wayfinding in a complex building designed like a maze is key to safe evacuation under emergency situations [7] and shortest wayfinding for occupants/pedestrians becomes a matter of life and death as the dimension and complexity of a building increase [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaze Point in the Evacuation Drills: Analysis of Eye Movement at the Indoor Wayfinding

Bae

Kim

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Signage systems are the main means of resolving the wayfinding problem in an emergency evacuation. However, recent literature has proven that signage systems are often not effective in an indoor wayfinding decision-making situation. Many studies that attempted to solve the problem did not consider the interaction between the optimal location of signage systems and gaze characteristics. Therefore, this study aimed to provide basic database to determine the optimal location of signage by analysing the characteristics of eye movements according to the type of junction. To achieve this, we conducted evacuation experiments in a maze set composed of eight junctions that we created ourselves and analysed the eye movement data of participants with 5196 gaze points and duration of 895,581.49 ms. The result showed that participants most often look between 100 cm and 150 cm (vertical height) in the corridor and in junctions. In addition, the gaze points of the evacuees are quantified by the horizontal and vertical directions according to the type of junction where the wayfinding decisions occur. This investigation showed that there are marked differences depending on the type.

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“…In the second experimental condition (EC2), dynamic wayfinding cues with visual stimulus were implemented as shown in Figure 6B. The design of wayfinding cues such as flashing LED lights were implemented following evacuation design guidelines [28,44,45]. We tested the VREs using a between-group design and an equal number of participants (n = 13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wayfinding in Virtual Reality Serious Game: An Exploratory Study in the Context of User Perceived Experiences

2021

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Extended reality (XR) technologies such as virtual reality (VR) provide a promising alternative for training users through serious games (SGs). VR SGs allow people to train in emergency scenarios and improve their likelihood of survival in high-risk situations. Studies have shown that incorporating design elements such as wayfinding cues enhances the spatial knowledge of users in VR. However, the impact of these wayfinding cues on users’ psychological and psychometric behaviors needs thorough investigation. An SG was designed to investigate wayfinding cues’ psychological and psychometric effects on user-perceived experiences in an immersive VR environment. Thirty-nine participants experienced three variants of the VR SG using Oculus Rift- S. Participants in the control condition were exposed to the VR with no wayfinding cues, and the experimental groups were exposed to VR with static and dynamic wayfinding cues. Results showed that VR SG with wayfinding cues induced less tension, challenge, and negative affects in users’ overall perceived experience. Similarly higher positive affects were observed for the experimental groups with wayfinding cues. It was interesting to observe that there were no significant effects of wayfinding on competence, flow, and immersion; however, heart rate was significantly high in the control group. These findings suggest that wayfinding cues can promote the users perceived quality of experience in the VR.

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Smart Systems in Emergency Wayfinding: A Literature Review

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Gamification and Hazard Communication in Virtual Reality: A Qualitative Study

Gamification and Hazard Communication in Virtual Reality: A Qualitative Study

Gaze Point in the Evacuation Drills: Analysis of Eye Movement at the Indoor Wayfinding

Wayfinding in Virtual Reality Serious Game: An Exploratory Study in the Context of User Perceived Experiences

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