Smart Sustainable Freight Transport for a City Multi-Floor Manufacturing Cluster: A Framework of the Energy Efficiency Monitoring of Electric Vehicle Fleet Charging

Abstract

This study focuses on the problem of the efficient energy management of an independent fleet of freight electric vehicles (EVs) providing service to a city multi-floor manufacturing cluster (CMFMC) within a metropolis while considering the requirements of smart sustainable electromobility and the limitations of the power system. The energy efficiency monitoring system is considered an information support tool for the management process. An object-oriented formalization of monitoring information technology is proposed which has a block structure and contains three categories of classes (information acquisition, calculation algorithms, and control procedures). An example of the implementation of the class “Operation with the electrical grid” of information technology is presented. The planning of the freight EVs charging under power limits of the charging station (CS) was carried out using a situational algorithm based on a Fuzzy expert system. The situational algorithm provides for monitoring the charging of a freight EV at a charging station, taking into account the charge weight index (CWI) assigned to it. The optimization of the CS electrical load is carried out from the standpoint of minimizing electricity costs and ensuring the demand for EV charging without going beyond its limits. A computer simulation of the EV charging mode and the CS load was performed. The results of modeling the electrical grid and CS load using the proposed algorithm were compared with the results of modeling using a controlled charging algorithm with electrical grid limitations and an uncontrolled charging algorithm. The proposed approach provides a reduction in power consumption during peak hours of the electrical grid and charging of connected EVs for an on-demand state of charge (SOC).

Privacy and security issues in smart grids: A survey

“…The term SCADA refers to computer systems and protocols that monitor and control industrial, infrastructure, or facility-based processes such as smart grid processes [161]- [164]. Modbus protocol is one piece of the SCADA system that is responsible for exchanging SCADA information needed to control industrial processes.…”

Determination of the Performance Characteristics of a Traction Battery in an Electric Vehicle

“…Battery capacity, charging speed, durability and efficiency are all important parameters to ensure comfortable and efficient operation of an electric vehicle throughout its lifetime. Electric vehicle manufacturers continue to work on improving the battery performance to make electric vehicles even more competitive in the automotive industry [15][16][17].…”

Efficient Energy Management for the Smart Sustainable City Multifloor Manufacturing Clusters: A Formalization of the Water Supply System Operation Conditions Based on Monitoring Water Consumption Profiles

“…Ensuring energy efficiency contributes to reducing the energy intensity of products and services within the CMFMC and aims to use resources efficiently without reducing the quality of life [17,18]. Therefore, energy-efficient production is a key factor for the sustainable development of cities, and efficient use of energy and natural resources is a priority for city manufacturing [11,[19][20][21]. In this context, more and more attention is paid to the problems of improving energy efficiency and reducing final energy consumption.…”

“…Ensuring the energy efficiency of urban production facilities requires effective management of technological processes and energy consumption, based on the analysis of information obtained from the monitoring system of their operation. In this regard, issues of development and improvement of the smart management system in city manufacturing are receiving increased attention [10,[20][21][22][23].…”

“…The energy efficiency of UISs is determined by a set of internal technological and external factors that in a certain way affect the efficiency of their condition and functioning. Ensuring the efficient energy consumption of such UISs within the CMFMC requires taking into account the features and operating conditions of its facilities, the efficiency of the organization of the technological process, as well as the development of effective ways to identify hidden reserves for saving natural and energy resources [21,24]. The UISs are designed to meet consumer demand for a particular service, which is formed under the influence of various external factors.…”