Smart Supra- and Macro-Molecular Tools for Biomedical Applications

Pinteala, Mariana; Abadie, M. J. M.; Rusu, Radu Dan

doi:10.3390/ma13153343

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 148 publications

(206 reference statements)

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“…Most recently conducted studies have attempted developing smart hydrogels capable of responding to environmental stimuli to release the therapeutic cargoes. Such specific responsiveness (e.g., changes in volume, size, structural conformation, and ionic charge) takes place by changes in pH, temperature, presence of enzymes, light irradiation, application of electric and magnetic fields [28][29][30][31][32]. For instance, Zhang et al developed a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/poly(2-(N,N -dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA)-poly (acrylic acid) (PAAc) hydrogel that showed a pHresponsive swelling behavior and controlled equilibrium swelling ratio due to both the DMAEMA and AAc in the network [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gelatin-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Kluyveromyces lactis Encapsulation: Potential Applications in Probiotics and Bioreactor Packings

et al. 2021

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Nutraceutical formulations based on probiotic microorganisms have gained significant attention over the past decade due to their beneficial properties on human health. Yeasts offer some advantages over other probiotic organisms, such as immunomodulatory properties, anticancer effects and effective suppression of pathogens. However, one of the main challenges for their oral administration is ensuring that cell viability remains high enough for a sustained therapeutic effect while avoiding possible substrate inhibition issues as they transit through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Here, we propose addressing these issues using a probiotic yeast encapsulation strategy, Kluyveromyces lactis, based on gelatin hydrogels doubly cross-linked with graphene oxide (GO) and glutaraldehyde to form highly resistant nanocomposite encapsulates. GO was selected here as a reinforcement agent due to its unique properties, including superior solubility and dispersibility in water and other solvents, high biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and response to electrical fields in its reduced form. Finally, GO has been reported to enhance the mechanical properties of several materials, including natural and synthetic polymers and ceramics. The synthesized GO-gelatin nanocomposite hydrogels were characterized in morphological, swelling, mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties and their ability to maintain probiotic cell viability. The obtained nanocomposites exhibited larger pore sizes for successful cell entrapment and proliferation, tunable degradation rates, pH-dependent swelling ratio, and higher mechanical stability and integrity in simulated GI media and during bioreactor operation. These results encourage us to consider the application of the obtained nanocomposites to not only formulate high-performance nutraceuticals but to extend it to tissue engineering, bioadhesives, smart coatings, controlled release systems, and bioproduction of highly added value metabolites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gelatin-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Kluyveromyces lactis Encapsulation: Potential Applications in Probiotics and Bioreactor Packings

et al. 2021

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“…Properties and characteristics of smart materials directly depend on the applied stimuli. When external stimuli are varied in a controlled manner, all features of smart nanomaterials are significantly altered [18][19][20][21]. Smart nanomaterials can be broadly divided into two…”

Section: Types Of Smart Nanomaterials Based On Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Nanomaterials and Their Applications

Alam

2023

Emerging Nanomaterials and Their Impact on Society in the 21st Century

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Nanomaterials are one of the most amazing creations of human civilization because of their unprecedented potential. These materials are eminent to own excellent electrical, thermal, optical, strong mechanical strength, and catalytic properties. Gadgets or sensors made of nanoparticles are used to determine harmful substances or contaminants of the environment as well as have human biomedical health applications. They have drawn significant attention in the medical sector for possessing remarkable reactivity, extraordinary molar-extinction coefficient, specificity, long-lasting stability, and stronger absorption. In the case of certain biomedical utilization, the fabricating of nanoparticles is problematic because they lack adequate functional characteristics. Smart nanomaterials grab this attention significantly since they can be triggered by external elements like temperature, pH, light, pressure, enzyme, etc. This chapter intends to provide the classifications and applications of smart nanomaterials as tissue engineering, drug delivery, sensor, etc.

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“…Moreover, their versatile processability schemes facilitate obtaining different morphologies, functionalities, and the possibility to form composites with nanostructured materials in search of an enhanced response when subjected to a stimulus [52][53][54]. Typical polymeric encapsulates comprise microparticles, microspheres, microcapsules, hydrogels, and, more recently, nanocomposite 3D matrices.…”

Section: Polymeric Platforms and Delivery Systems Of Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Developments on Stimuli-Responsive Probiotic Encapsulates: From Smart Hydrogels to Nanostructured Platforms

et al. 2022

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Biomaterials engineering and biotechnology have advanced significantly towards probiotic encapsulation with encouraging results in assuring sufficient bioactivity. However, some major challenges remain to be addressed, and these include maintaining stability in different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), favoring adhesion only at the site of action, and increasing residence times. An alternative to addressing such challenges is to manufacture encapsulates with stimuli-responsive polymers, such that controlled release is achievable by incorporating moieties that respond to chemical and physical stimuli present along the GIT. This review highlights, therefore, such emerging delivery matrices going from a comprehensive description of addressable stimuli in each GIT compartment to novel synthesis and functionalization techniques to currently employed materials used for probiotic’s encapsulation and achieving multi-modal delivery and multi-stimuli responses. Next, we explored the routes for encapsulates design to enhance their performance in terms of degradation kinetics, adsorption, and mucus and gut microbiome interactions. Finally, we present the clinical perspectives of implementing novel probiotics and the challenges to assure scalability and cost-effectiveness, prerequisites for an eventual niche market penetration.

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Smart Supra- and Macro-Molecular Tools for Biomedical Applications

Cited by 13 publications

References 148 publications

Gelatin-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Kluyveromyces lactis Encapsulation: Potential Applications in Probiotics and Bioreactor Packings

Gelatin-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Kluyveromyces lactis Encapsulation: Potential Applications in Probiotics and Bioreactor Packings

Smart Nanomaterials and Their Applications

Novel Developments on Stimuli-Responsive Probiotic Encapsulates: From Smart Hydrogels to Nanostructured Platforms

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