Smart Sediment Particle: A novel approach to investigating fluvial bed entrainment using instrumented sensors

Xie, Yushu; Melville, Bruce W.; Shamseldin, Asaad Y.; Whittaker, Colin; Yang, Yifan

doi:10.1016/j.ijsrc.2022.08.003

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 38 publications

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“…As previously stated, the velocity measurement frequency was set to 100 Hz to keep it in synchronisation with the force measurement. The tri‐axial accelerometer has a measurement range of ±16 g and has a measurement accuracy of ± 0.02 m/s 2 (Xie et al, 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct measurement of the inertial drag and lift forces on entrained coarse particles at various protrusion heights

Xie

Melville

Shamseldin

et al. 2022

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Laboratory experiments were performed to study the impact of relative particle protrusion P/D (P is the protrusion height and D is the diameter of the spherical target particle) on the entrainment of sediment particles from a rough bed of spherical grains. The target particle to be entrained was instrumented with electronic sensors to measure the triaxial linear acceleration, and consequently the particle inertial forces, during the entrainment process. The velocity field around the particle was obtained using two-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) technique and the velocity data were synchronised with the force data relative to the moment of entrainment. Experimental results show that the inertial drag and lift forces systematically decreased as relative particle protrusion increased. The ratio of inertial lift force to drag force revealed that drag force slightly dominated the entrainment process at P/D > 0.7, while lift force slightly dominated at P/D < 0.62. Inertial drag coefficient was found to be independent of particle protrusion for low P/D, but rapidly declined for P/D > 0.62-0.7. Differently, inertial lift coefficient remained relatively constant within the tested protrusion ranges. Additionally, the critical Shields number was linearly related to the normalised inertial forces over the present particle protrusion range. In summary, the particle protrusion demonstrates a significant impact on the inertial forces and, further, the entrainment process.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct measurement of the inertial drag and lift forces on entrained coarse particles at various protrusion heights

Xie

Melville

Shamseldin

et al. 2022

Earth Surf Processes Landf

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Simultaneous measurements of inertial acceleration and flow structures during coarse-grain entrainment under steady currents

et al. 2023

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Orientation resolved measurements of accelerations with sensor particles in bioreactors

Buntkiel,

Ma,

Reinecke

et al. 2023

Tm - Technisches Messen

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The measurement of the spatially distributed flow field in large industrial vessels, e.g. biogas fermenters, is not possible with commercially available measurement equipment. Therefore the concept of flow following sensor particles has been developed. They act as data loggers within the vessel. The sensor particles are equipped with a pressure sensor and an inertial measurement unit to measure their motion. The measurements are taken in the coordinate frame of the sensor particle and need to be transformed into the vessel’s coordinate frame to analyze the flow field. This is done by an error-state Kalman filter which estimates the orientation of the sensor particle with respect to the vessel based on the direction of the gravitational acceleration and the local magnetic field. Since no other aiding sensors are available or usable within an industrial vessel, particular emphasis was given to the inertial sensors’ stochastic modelling and the accelerometer’s calibration. Based on the orientation estimation, the measured acceleration is transformed into the vessel frame. We performed two experiments in a 1.4 m3 lab reactor to qualify this approach. The results show, that the transformed acceleration is in good qualitative agreement with the known flow field inside the lab reactor.

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Smart Sediment Particle: A novel approach to investigating fluvial bed entrainment using instrumented sensors

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Direct measurement of the inertial drag and lift forces on entrained coarse particles at various protrusion heights

Direct measurement of the inertial drag and lift forces on entrained coarse particles at various protrusion heights

Simultaneous measurements of inertial acceleration and flow structures during coarse-grain entrainment under steady currents

Orientation resolved measurements of accelerations with sensor particles in bioreactors

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