The interest in micro and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in analyzing nanosized and nanostructured materials, chiefly semiconductors, oxides and pristine or functionalized carbon nanotubes, is reviewed in the light of contributions to this Special Issue. Particular attention is paid to the fact that chemical reactions, size or shape distribution, defects, strain and couplings may add to nanodimensionality in defining the Raman signature.