Smart portable laser triangulation system for assessing gap and flush in car body assembly line

Minnetti, Elisa; Chiariotti, Paolo; Castellini, Paolo; Violini, Luca; Garcia, Gisela; Vicente, Helder; Paone, Nicola

doi:10.1109/metroi4.2019.8792858

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…When examining technological changes, it is not uncommon for these to be described in a neutral way, regarding their relation to the workers and contexts which shape them. This new vision of industry brought by I4.0 promises to improve performance, make manufacturing more effective, customizable, and easily manageable, with a resulting increase in productivity which gives companies a competitive advantage (Kolbeinsson et al, 2017 ; Minnetti et al, 2019 ; Kadir and Broberg, 2020 ; Santo et al, 2020 ). That is, technology is conceptualized almost as if it carries all the potential for success and could just function by itself.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the status of the human operator in Industry 4.0: A systematic review

2022

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Industry 4.0 (I4.0) promises to transform jobs and working conditions through the implementation of unprecedented human-machine interaction modes. As the operator working in these new settings, known as the Operator 4.0, is a relatively recent concept, and although technological developments are expected to support workers and require higher labor skills, the risks and health impacts resulting from these changes remain underexplored. This systematic review aims to (i) systematize literature findings on how workers are perceived and participate in I4.0 work systems; (ii) identify the main technological changes driven by I4.0; and (iii) instigate discussion regarding the impacts these changes may have for workers and the sustainability of work systems. Following a systematic review approach using the PRISMA protocol, the articles were organized into two main analysis axes: the technical changes brought about by I4.0, and the representation of the human worker within these new work settings. The findings reveal that a techno-centered approach still seems to be dominant in guiding the implementation of I4.0 models; secondly, as a consequence, the social dimensions of work tend to remain as residual issues, overshadowed by the promises related with technology (e.g., productivity, efficiency); finally, the representation of the Operator 4.0 remains blurry, as he/she is perceived as gender neutral, skillful, and perfectly fit for work, assuring the functioning (and compensating for the limits) of these systems. While I4.0 promises safer and more productive workplaces, issues related to employment conditions, emerging risks and health impacts become more prominent when analyzed from an activity-centered perspective. In terms of future research, a more heuristic analysis could be achieved through a participatory and work-centered approach and following a gender perspective. This way, visibility could be conferred to another side of I4.0, thus guaranteeing conditions for the sustainable development of these work situations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the status of the human operator in Industry 4.0: A systematic review

2022

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“…When applying the instrument in the field of mechanical engineering, the uncertainty issue becomes very critical. Minnetti et al [3] proposed a laser triangulation measurement device to assess gap and flush in car assembly. Uncertainties of both this laser triangulation measurement device and an operator were assessed by Baleani et al [4] using Type A analysis and a Gauge R&R crossed study.…”

Section: A Key Challenges When Applying Metrology Instrument Into Industriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of point cloud registration uncertainty for gap measurement of aircraft wing assembly

Yang

Jin

Price

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE 8th International Workshop on Metrology for AeroSpace (MetroAeroSpace)

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“…Recently, Minnetti et al [11] presented the first (to our knowledge) smartphone integrated laser triangulation system for industrial application to in-line quality control of gap and flush, which was developed to try answering both the aforementioned requirements demanded by the automotive sector. This conference paper outlines the overall system characteristics, providing a general overview on the device.…”

Section: State-of-the-art In Optical Measurement Of Gap and Flushmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) Manual feeler gauge for gap measurement; (b) Dial gauge for flush measurement-taken from Minnetti et al[11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Smartphone Integrated Hand-Held Gap and Flush Measurement System for in Line Quality Control of Car Body Assembly

Minnetti

Chiariotti

Paone

et al. 2020

Sensors

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This paper presents the design and the characterization of a portable laser triangulation measurement system for measuring gap and flush in the car body assembly process. Targeting Human in the Loop (HILT) operations in the manufacturing sector, and in line with the vision of human empowerment with Industry 4.0 technologies, the instrument embeds features to ease operators’ activity and compensate possible misuse that could affect the robustness and the quality of data acquired. The device is based on a smartphone integrated with a miniaturized laser triangulation system installed in a cover. The device embodies additional sensors and control systems in order to guarantee operators’ safety (switching on and off the laser line based on specific conditions), support operators during the measurement execution task, and optimize the image acquisition process for minimizing the uncertainty associated to the measurement. The smartphone performs on-board processing and allows Wi-Fi communication with the plant IT infrastructure. Compliance to Industry 4.0 requirements is guaranteed using OPC-UA (Open Platform Communications—Unified Architecture) communication protocol enabling the exchange of live data with the plant middleware. The smartphone provides also an advanced high-resolution color display and well proven and ergonomic human–machine interfaces, which have been fully exploited in the design. The paper introduces the system optical layout and then presents the algorithms implemented to realize the gap and flush measurement. The paper finally presents the calibration of the instrument and estimates its calibration uncertainty in laboratory conditions. Then it discusses how performance decays when the operator handles the instrument on a reference car body. Finally, it shows the analysis of uncertainty when the device is used on real car bodies of different colors in a production line. It is observed that the measurement uncertainty of the whole measurement chain (measurand + instrument + operator + uncontrolled environmental conditions) is larger than the instrument calibration uncertainty because the measurement process is affected by the operator and the variable conditions of the production line.

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Smart portable laser triangulation system for assessing gap and flush in car body assembly line

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Exploring the status of the human operator in Industry 4.0: A systematic review

Exploring the status of the human operator in Industry 4.0: A systematic review

Investigation of point cloud registration uncertainty for gap measurement of aircraft wing assembly

A Smartphone Integrated Hand-Held Gap and Flush Measurement System for in Line Quality Control of Car Body Assembly

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