Smart Piezoelectric Nanohybrid of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and Barium Titanate for Stimulated Cartilage Regeneration

Abstract

Piezoelectric materials strive to articulate smart materials and transduce electric fields by applying mechanical pressure and vice versa. This study demarcates augmented cartilage regeneration from the praxis of the smart material intervention that denotes the method of the utilized piezoelectric mechanism. The smart piezoelectric nanohybrid is developed from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ). Further, the electrospinning technique is adopted for the scaffolding to mimic the structure of natural cartilage. The scaffold with 20% BaTiO 3 shows enhanced mechanical properties and a piezoelectric coefficient (1.4 pC/ N) similar to native tissue. Interestingly, the corona poled (electrically polarized) scaffolds demonstrated better cellular activity than unpoled. Human mesenchymal stem-cell-derived chondrocytes are utilized for in vitro studies. The polarized scaffolds highly promote the cell attachment, proliferation, and collagen II gene expression against control (pure PHBV) and unpolarised scaffolds; the effect was quite dominant even in high-piezoelectric-coefficient scaffolds. Therefore, the electric-field-originated scaffolds show the potential effect on cartilage regeneration without the addition of any stimulating molecules.

Self‐adhesive plasticized regenerated silk on poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) for bio‐piezoelectric force sensor and microwave circuit design

“…21,22 These biodegradable polyesters showed piezoelectric properties 23 with a piezoelectric coefficient of PHBV that was used to induce bone reformation. 24 PHBV also showed a piezoelectric relaxation around the glass transition temperature. 25 These materials can be also exploited in the field of with electronics, forming self-powering bio-based fully integrated systems to enable many applications within the emerging ICT eco-systems called internet of things.…”

“…Moreover, PHBV is highly biodegradable 20 and bioresorbable 21,22 . These biodegradable polyesters showed piezoelectric properties 23 with a piezoelectric coefficient of PHBV that was used to induce bone reformation 24 . PHBV also showed a piezoelectric relaxation around the glass transition temperature 25…”

Review of Hybrid Materials Based on Polyhydroxyalkanoates for Tissue Engineering Applications

“…For pure PHB electrospun nanofibers, its piezoelectric charge constant is approximately 3.25 pC/N for d 31 and 4.13 pC/N for d 33 . The piezoresponse of polymers can be enhanced with the addition of different nanomaterials as fillers, such as CNTs [ 93 ], barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) [ 121 ], and PANi [ 122 ]. The phenomenon of the increased piezoresponse is due to an increase in the piezoactive phase amount [ 93 ].…”

“…A piezoelectric PHBV/BaTiO 3 nanohybrid scaffold with 20 wt% BaTiO 3 showed an enhanced piezoelectric response similar to that of native bone [ 121 ]. Electrically polarized scaffolds demonstrated better cellular activity of human mesenchymal stem-cell-derived chondrocytes than unpoled scaffolds.…”

Electrospun mat of thermal‐treatment‐induced nanocomposite hydrogel of polyvinyl alcohol and cerium oxide for biomedical applications

“…Upon completion of the incubation, MTT reagent was added with a concentration of 0.5% wt/vol of media and further incubated for 4 hr. Followed by the addition of 100 μl of the DMSO in order to dissolve the formazan crystal, absorbance was acquitted at 570 nm using UV-plate reader [37] (Multiskan™ GO, Thermo Scientific, Finland). were seeded in six well plates and scratch was made by using sterile 200 μl tips followed by washing with PBS to remove the unattached cells.…”