Smart Parking System With Privacy Preservation and Reputation Management Using Blockchain

Abstract

Most of the existing smart parking systems threaten the drivers' privacy by revealing information about their visited locations. Moreover, they are centralized making them vulnerable to a single point of failure and attack, which threatens the availability of the parking service. They also suffer from a lack of transparency, where the centralized service organizer may favor some parking lots by booking their parking slots first. To tackle these concerns, we propose a blockchain-based smart parking system with privacy preservation and reputation management. In our system, a consortium blockchain is created by different parking lots to run the parking system securely and transparently, where the parking offers are recorded on a shared and immutable ledger. We use a commitment technique during the submission of the offers to ensure fair parking rates. Then, we use a private information retrieval technique during the offers retrieval to preserve the drivers' location privacy. Furthermore, to anonymously and efficiently authenticate drivers during the reservation process, we use a short randomizable signature. We also use a time-locked anonymous payment technique to discourage drivers from not committing to their parking reservations and provide a secure and privacy-preserving payment method for parking service. Finally, we integrate a blockchain-based anonymous reputation management scheme into our system, where drivers can anonymously rate the parking service to ensure high quality of service. Our evaluations demonstrate that our smart parking system is secure and capable of preserving drivers' privacy with low communication, computation, and storage overheads.

A lightweight federated learning based privacy preserving B5G pandemic response network using unmanned aerial vehicles: A proof-of-concept

“…This is due to the fact that the security of local parameters, the learning quality, and the varying computing and communication resources, remain unexplored topics in the existing federated learning schemes [41] including our proposal. Blockchain is an advanced technology which has modified the ways to store, exchange, and record the data using a public ledger so that the transactions are immutable [42] , [43] , [44] . On the other hand, the aim of federated learning is somewhat limited to applications orchestrated by the centralized aggregator as demonstrated in Algorithm 1.…”

Convergence of Blockchain and IoT for Secure Transportation Systems in Smart Cities

“…So, security is a significant threat to the smart parking system. For handling security, privacy, and trust challenges, they have proposed a blockchain platform for developing an integrated smart parking system [33].…”

Ring signature and improved multi‐transaction mode consortium blockchain‐based private information retrieval for privacy‐preserving smart parking system

“…This MBO‐SMS scheme was proved to be resistant to attacks and identified to be providing maximized privacy with less communication and computation overhead with its use in the implementation of the smart parking system. A consortium blockchain ‐ based smart parking system (CB‐SMS) was proposed through the utilization of the immutable ledger that records and shares the parking offers available at a time instant 25 . This CB‐SMS was developed for implementing the parking system with transparency and security through the use of commitment scheme incorporated for effective parking offer submission that confirms fair parking rates.…”

“…The performance investigation of the proposed RS‐IMTMCB‐PIR and the benchmarked MBO‐SMS, 24 CB‐SMS, 25 and ECC‐SMS 18 approaches are conducted using the necessitated cryptographic operations through Raspberry Pi 3 equipment that runs Python charm cryptographic library in the system configuration of 1 GB RAM and 1.2 GHz processor 33–36 …”