Smart Mobility in the Cloud: Enabling Real-Time Situational Awareness and Cyber-Physical Control Through a Digital Twin for Traffic

Xu, Haowen; Berres, Anne; Yoginath, Srikanth B.; Sorensen, Harry; Nugent, Phil; Severino, Joseph; Tennille, Sarah A.; Moore, Alex; Jones, Wesley B.; Sanyal, Jibonananda

doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3226746

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Recently, a new algorithm has been proposed to efficiently manage registration by predicting the UE's moving direction in advance. In addition, new schemes to utilize artificial intelligence machine learning algorithms using training data on the UE mobility characteristics have been proposed [22,23]. categorized into zone-based [10][11][12][13], distance-based [14,15], movement-based [16,17], timer-based [18,19], and mobility prediction-based [20].…”

Section: Two-zone System With Timer (2z_timer System)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies can be categorized into zone-based [10][11][12][13], distance-based [14,15], movement-based [16,17], timerbased [18,19], and mobility prediction-based [20]. In particular, new mobility management schemes for various moving devices beyond 5G and 6G have been recently discussed [21][22][23]. In Table 1, assuming a square-shaped RA, the registration occurrence points in each scheme are compared when the UE moves from s to t. The major advantages and limitations of the schemes are also examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a new algorithm has been proposed to efficiently manage registration by predicting the UE's moving direction in advance. In addition, new schemes to utilize artificial intelligence machine learning algorithms using training data on the UE mobility characteristics have been proposed [22,23]. characteristic of staying in the RA for a long time and trying to initiate calls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Analysis of Two-Zone-Based Registration System with Timer in Wireless Communication Networks

Jang,

Baek

2023

Electronics

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Numerous studies have been conducted on wireless communication networks to reduce the costs associated with location registration and paging traffic caused by the movement of user equipment (UE). Among them, a zone-based registration scheme is commonly used due to its convenience of implementation. In a zone-based scheme, a set of non-overlapping cells are managed as a single zone called a registration area (RA). The UE requests registration each time it enters a new RA. The most significant drawback of the 1Z system (an RA consisting of one zone) is the degradation in the service quality due to the registration traffic that frequently occurs at the RA boundaries. To overcome this drawback, a 2Z system that can manage two zones with one RA has been proposed. However, in the 2Z system, the paging costs for the UE that has returned to the previous zone increase, which can significantly degrade the performance compared to the 1Z system if the call-to-mobility ratio (CMR) is large or if the probability of returning to the previous zone is small. In this study, a new 2Z_Timer scheme is proposed to enhance the performance of the 2Z system. This method involves initiating a Timer for the previously visited zone when the UE enters a new zone, making it possible to retain the information of the previous zone for a specified threshold period. Simulations were conducted using flowchart-based RAPTOR software to compare its performance to those of the 1Z and 2Z systems. The results showed that the 2Z_Timer system effectively reduced the paging costs, even when the CMR was high or the probability of returning to the previous zone was low. Numerical results for various Timer thresholds showed that the 2Z_Timer system could lead to cost reductions of 10.6% and 28.6% compared to the 1Z and 2Z systems, respectively.

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Section: Two-zone System With Timer (2z_timer System)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a new algorithm has been proposed to efficiently manage registration by predicting the UE's moving direction in advance. In addition, new schemes to utilize artificial intelligence machine learning algorithms using training data on the UE mobility characteristics have been proposed [22,23]. characteristic of staying in the RA for a long time and trying to initiate calls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Analysis of Two-Zone-Based Registration System with Timer in Wireless Communication Networks

Jang,

Baek

2023

Electronics

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“…In recent years, digital twin cities are increasingly used in traffic and vehicle simulations to support the testing and evaluation of various emerging vehicular and transportation technologies (17). Emerging technologies, such as connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) (22)(23)(24)(25), are complex systems with many different modules and components.…”

Section: Digital Twin Cities In Vehicle Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-Automatic Geographic Information System Framework for Creating Photo-Realistic Digital Twin Cities to Support Autonomous Driving Research

Xu,

Shao,

Chen

et al. 2023

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Digital twin cities are frequently used in vehicle and traffic simulations to render realistic on-road driving scenarios under various traffic and environmental conditions. These digital twins provide a high-fidelity replica of the physical world (e.g., buildings, roads, infrastructures, traffic) to create three-dimensional (3D) virtual-physical environments to support various emerging vehicle and transportation technologies such as connected and automated vehicles. These virtual environments provide a cost-effective digital proving ground to evaluate, validate, and test emerging technologies that include control algorithms, localization, perception, and sensors. Replicating a real-world traffic scenario in a digital twin using a traditional 3D modeling approach is a time-consuming and labor-intensive effort. This paper presents a semi-automated spatial framework to construct realistic 3D digital twin cities to support autonomous driving research using readily available geographic information system (GIS) data and 3D prefabricated (prefab) models. We start with a comprehensive review of geospatial data sources of essential digital entities required in a 3D digital twin city and present an integrated GIS-3D modeling pipeline using customized QGIS/GDAL and Blender scripting in Python. The pipeline outputs are realistic 3D digital twin cities compatible with common vehicle simulation software, such as CARLA and IPG CarMaker. The paper closes with a showcase to demonstrate the quality and usability of a digital twin city created to replicate the Shallowford Road corridor in Chattanooga in both Unity and Unreal engine-based virtual environment. The generated digital twin city can be applied to a hardware-in-the-loop simulation environment with an actual testing vehicle to facilitate autonomous driving research.

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“…In the transportation and smart mobility domain, a number of digital twin studies have been undertaken very recently [ 31 , 32 , 33 ] focusing mainly on traffic management. In the following, we present some of the most characteristic digital twin paradigms for smart mobility, highlighting their benefits and positive outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Digital Twin Framework Architectures for Smart Cities: A Case Study in Smart Mobility

Faliagka,

Christopoulou,

Ringas

et al. 2024

Sensors

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The main aim of this paper is to present an innovative approach to addressing the challenges of smart mobility exploiting digital twins within the METACITIES initiative. We have worked on this issue due to the increasing complexity of urban transportation systems, coupled with the urgent need to improve efficiency, safety, and sustainability in cities. The work presented in this paper is part of the project METACITIES, an Excellence Hub that spans a large geographical area, that of Southeastern Europe. The approach of the Greek innovation ecosystem of METACITIES involves leveraging digital twin technology to create intelligent replicas of urban mobility environments, enabling real-time monitoring, analysis, and decision making. Through use cases such as “Smart Parking”, “Environmental Behavior Analysis on Traffic Incidents”, and “Emergency Management”, we demonstrate how digital twins can optimize traffic flow, mitigate environmental impact, and enhance emergency response; these use cases will be tested on a small scale, before deciding on implementation at a larger and more expensive scale. The final outcome is the METACITIES Architecture for smart mobility, which will be part of an Open Digital Twin Framework capable of evolving a smart city into a metacity.

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Smart Mobility in the Cloud: Enabling Real-Time Situational Awareness and Cyber-Physical Control Through a Digital Twin for Traffic

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

Performance Analysis of Two-Zone-Based Registration System with Timer in Wireless Communication Networks

Performance Analysis of Two-Zone-Based Registration System with Timer in Wireless Communication Networks

Semi-Automatic Geographic Information System Framework for Creating Photo-Realistic Digital Twin Cities to Support Autonomous Driving Research

Trends in Digital Twin Framework Architectures for Smart Cities: A Case Study in Smart Mobility

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