“…In order to find necessary smart home systems, home automation is able to link between electrical and electronic features [23], [24]. Here are a few examples of smart home automation and control applications [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”
The smart home and management system in this study are powered by D.C. batteries. Before running out of power, a fully charged battery can last for two to three days. When you turn on the system, the maximum temperature and the name of the study are shown on the LCD. Additionally, it will demonstrate that no one is in the house. As more individuals enter the house after you click the push button to enter, it will show on the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) that you are welcome and that there are now more people inside. You get to decide how many people you let inside the residence. If you set the limit to 12, the door won't open again until someone quits the building by pressing the exit button before another person is allowed to enter. You can pick when you want the fan to turn on automatically by setting the maximum temperature. The fan in the house is used to lower the temperature if the weather is hot. The fan won't turn on until the maximum temperature of 30 °C has been reached, for example. Additionally, if everyone leaves the house, the fan and light will turn off automatically because nobody is inside. For safety purposes, there is a light in front of the house. It will automatically turn on if it becomes dark outside at night. The second LDR outside the home is in charge of controlling this light. The exterior light will turn off during the day if the LDR detects light, and it will turn on automatically at night if it detects dark. This is done for security reasons. Within the residence is the first LDR. It will switch on the lights when someone enters the house. No one will be able to exit the house before the light is turned off.
“…In order to find necessary smart home systems, home automation is able to link between electrical and electronic features [23], [24]. Here are a few examples of smart home automation and control applications [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”
The smart home and management system in this study are powered by D.C. batteries. Before running out of power, a fully charged battery can last for two to three days. When you turn on the system, the maximum temperature and the name of the study are shown on the LCD. Additionally, it will demonstrate that no one is in the house. As more individuals enter the house after you click the push button to enter, it will show on the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) that you are welcome and that there are now more people inside. You get to decide how many people you let inside the residence. If you set the limit to 12, the door won't open again until someone quits the building by pressing the exit button before another person is allowed to enter. You can pick when you want the fan to turn on automatically by setting the maximum temperature. The fan in the house is used to lower the temperature if the weather is hot. The fan won't turn on until the maximum temperature of 30 °C has been reached, for example. Additionally, if everyone leaves the house, the fan and light will turn off automatically because nobody is inside. For safety purposes, there is a light in front of the house. It will automatically turn on if it becomes dark outside at night. The second LDR outside the home is in charge of controlling this light. The exterior light will turn off during the day if the LDR detects light, and it will turn on automatically at night if it detects dark. This is done for security reasons. Within the residence is the first LDR. It will switch on the lights when someone enters the house. No one will be able to exit the house before the light is turned off.
“…Those voice commands should first be interpreted using speech recognition. Speech recognition has been used in many fields, including medicine [2], agriculture [3], smart homes [4], and smart vehicles [5]. Research suggests that by 2022, nearly three-quarters (73%) of drivers will use speech recognition technology [6].…”
Automakers from Honda to Lamborghini are incorporating voice interaction technology into their vehicles to improve the user experience and offer value-added services. Speech recognition systems are a key component of smart cars, enhancing convenience and safety for drivers and passengers. In the future, safety-critical features may rely on speech recognition, but this raises concerns about children accessing such services. To address this issue, the LimitAccess system is proposed, which uses TinyML for age classification and helps parents limit children’s access to critical speech recognition services. This study employs a lite convolutional neural network (CNN) model for two different reasons: First, CNN showed superior accuracy compared to other audio classification models for age classification problems. Second, the lite model will be integrated into a microcontroller to meet its limited resource requirements. To train and evaluate our model, we created a dataset that included child and adult voices of the keyword “open”. The system approach categorizes voices into age groups (child, adult) and then utilizes that categorization to grant access to a car. The robustness of the model was enhanced by adding a new class (recordings) to the dataset, which enabled our system to detect replay and synthetic voice attacks. If an adult voice is detected, access to start the car will be granted. However, if a child’s voice or a recording is detected, the system will display a warning message that educates the child about the dangers and consequences of the improper use of a car. Arduino Nano 33 BLE sensing was our embedded device of choice for integrating our trained, optimized model. Our system achieved an overall F1 score of 87.7% and 85.89% accuracy. LimitAccess detected replay and synthetic voice attacks with an 88% F1 score.
Effective management of electrical energy requires monitoring, controlling, and storing parameters gathered from power measurement devices including voltage, current, and power factor. This assessment of the quality of electrical energy is essential for management organizations, power companies, and individual consumers to develop efficient electricity usage plans. In this paper, we propose a hardware implementation for data collection and online communication software integrated with a system for collecting data on consumption of electrical energy. The EM115-Mod CT multifunction industrial meters by the FINECO, the KLEA 220P three-phase multifunction meter by the KLEMSAN, and the ME96SS–ver.B by MITSUBISHI are firstly utilized. Finally, the collected data of voltage, current, electrical consumption, temperature, and humidity can be stored on the SD card and transmitted to the cloud for real-time monitoring on mobile devices facilitated by the ESP-WROOM-32 microcontroller from the Espressif system. The obtained results showed that the temperature and the humidity changed gradually with time and remained within the standard range of temperature and relative humidity.
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