Smart Grid Systems Based Survey on Cyber Security Issues

Abstract

The future power system will be an innovative administration of existing power grids, which is called smart grid. Above all, the application of advanced communication and computing tools is going to significantly improve the productivity and consistency of smart grid systems with renewable energy resources. Together with the topographies of the smart grid, cyber security appears as a serious concern since a huge number of automatic devices are linked through communication networks. Cyber attacks on those devices had a direct influence on the reliability of extensive infrastructure of the power system. In this survey, several published works related to smart grid system vulnerabilities, potential intentional attacks, and suggested countermeasures for these threats have been investigated.

Dimensions and Factors that Determine Integration of Small-Scale Sources in the Structures of Virtual Power Plants

“…Introduction of VPPs will enable new, especially local, entities that utilise renewable and alternative sources (frequently also prosumers of RES electricity) in the production of electricity, to introduce to the market accumulated elec-tricity in a flexible virtual organisational structure, being already competition for the corporate energy sector. On the basis of the introduced definitions of Virtual Organisa-tions, Virtual Power Plants are mutually related sources of distributed generation, in particular small scale renewable energy sources, including prosumer installations, with the use of teleinformatic networks resources and technical resources (Kuceba, 2011;Dorothy and Sasilatha, 2017). Virtual Power Plant in the technical and informatic grasp is also a concentration of distributed genera-tion, RES micro-installations in one logically interconnected system, in which energy sources are installed close to final customers (frequently prosumers) (Qarabsh et al, 2020).…”

Implementation of vehicle ventilation system using NodeMCU ESP8266 for remote monitoring

“…The entire IoT system must have properties such as confidentiality, integrity, authentication, authorization, availability and privacy to guarantee security in IoT [19,20]. Figure 1 depicts the major challenges in enhancing security in IoT environment.…”

Smart Monitoring System of DC to DC Converter for Photovoltaic Application

“…The Arduino Nano 3.0 in the Figure 2d is the main unit in the control circuit to read data from sensors and send the measuring results. The Arduino Nano is from a family of ATmega328 microcontroller that has 6 PWM pins , 8…”

“…Due to changes in technology, There is an ongoing evolution in the surveillance systems, especially in the medical, industrial and general services industry for individuals [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The purpose of these technologies and modern applications is to increase the reliability of the devices, provide convenience to consumers and ensure the safety of workers in the control and monitoring of electrical and electronic instrument.…”