Smart Grid Enabled Heat Pumps: An Empirical Platform for Investigating how Residential Heat Pumps can Support Large-scale Integration of Intermittent Renewables

Locating experts and carving out the state of the art: A systematic review on Industry 4.0 and energy system analysis

“…It is estimated that investments in SG technologies had reached €3.15 billion in Europe by the end of 2014, underlining their growing significance. 113 The impact of SG projects and their suitability for large-scale applications has been investigated, such as by Rodriguez-Calvo et al 23 Within SGs, the devices of DEPs can be used to provide flexibility by • Transferring energy between the energy sectors within the SES • Support of RES integration if controlled flexibly • Support of wind integration even if not controlled flexibly 24,[36][37][38] • Causation of more frequent and higher peaks • Least-cost operation results in less RES friendliness [38][39][40] • Load shifting possibilities if operated flexibly • Reduction of required reserve capacity 24,37 • Dependency on storage type and size, control strategy and building physics 24,38,41 • Voltage regulation • Increased efficiencies in virtual power plants 5,37,38,40,42 • Suitability limited to low-temperature heat markets in DH 43 • High efficiency • Increased flexibility in DH 36,37,40,41,44,45 • Efficiency losses caused by flexible HP operation 41,46 • Integration of RES 36,47,48 • Not suited for wind power integration 40,49 • Increase in supply security [50][51][52] • Risk averse operation of CHPs causes less profit through flexibility programs 53 • Voltage and frequency regulation • Reduction of system operation cost •...…”

Cluster analysis of residential heat load profiles and the role of technical and household characteristics

“…These are combined into a day-vector with 24 readings. Detailed explanation about the measurement devices and their accuracy is available in Carmo et al [4]. In this paper, data for the year of 2013 is analysed.…”

Ground source heat pumps as high efficient solutions for building space conditioning and for integration in smart grids

“…Østergaard et al (2013) modelled the impact on the integration of wind power due to the use of absorption heat pumps and compression heat pumps for the supply of district heating in scenarios to achieve a 100% renewable energy supply in Aalborg Municipality, Denmark [43]. Carmo (2014) also assessed the potential of residential heat pumps to support the large scale integration of intermittent renewables in Denmark [44]. Also in the US grid, [45] modeled the effects of coupling large-scale wind power installations in New York State with increased use of electric heat pumps to meet a portion of space heating and domestic hot water demands in New York City, showing a significant increases in wind-generated electricity utilization.…”