Smart green charging scheme of centralized electric vehicle stations

Abstract

This paper presses a smart charging decision-making criterion that significantly contributes in enhancing the scheduling of the electric vehicles (EVs) during the charging process.The proposed criterion aims to optimize the charging time, select the charging methodology either DC constant current constant voltage (DC-CCCV) or DC multi-stage constant currents (DC-MSCC), maximize the charging capacity as well as minimize the queuing delay per EV, especially during peak hours. The decision-making algorithms have been developed by utilizing metaheuristic algorithms including the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Water Cycle Optimization Algorithm (WCOA). The utility of the proposed models has been investigated while considering the Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) as a benchmark. Furthermore, the proposed models are seeded using the Monte Carlo simulation technique by estimating the EVs arriving density to the EVS across the day. WCOA has shown an overall reduction of 13% and 8.5% in the total charging time while referring to MILP and GA respectively.

Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of a New Intelligent Charging Controller for Off-Board Electric Vehicles Using PV Standalone System Represented by a Small-Scale Lithium-Ion Battery

“…This study proposed an advanced dynamic charge controller for the lithium-ion battery through implementing a multistage charging current (MSCC) protocol based on the cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA) that was previously investigated in [19,20,61]. In the multistage charging currents protocol, the battery is charged by a multistage application of different currents, and the lifetime extends without degradation impact, compared To describe the dynamic performance of the converter, the second-order differential equation of the parasitic DC-DC converter, in terms of the duty cycle, was introduced by the average model mentioned in [3] and expressed in the following equations and the graphical model in Figure 1g.…”

“…This study proposed an advanced dynamic charge controller for the lithium-ion battery through implementing a multistage charging current (MSCC) protocol based on the cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA) that was previously investigated in [19,20,61]. In the multistage charging currents protocol, the battery is charged by a multistage application of different currents, and the lifetime extends without degradation impact, compared with the constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) methodology.…”

Predictive permanent magnet synchronous generator based small-scale wind energy system at dynamic wind speed analysis for residential net-zero energy building

“…The power flow from the PMSG fluctuates AC type, and it needs to be regulated before connecting it to the load side and the storage system. It is converted to DC type to achieve the regulation by using six insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) [49,50]. The two diodes are connected in every three rows to achieve the voltage conversion to DC type.…”

Enhancing the renewable energy payback period of a photovoltaic power generation system by water flow cooling

“…This reality could necessarily transition our built environment, such as office buildings and residential buildings, towards renewable energy sources [3,4]. As the concept of GEB (Generating Energy Buildings) has now becoming a reality in which a series of innovative technologies such as translucent vacuum insulation panels [5][6][7], smart vacuum insulated windows [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], vacuum-based PV integrated solar thermal collectors [26,27] and cooling mechanism [28], wind & wave energy systems [29], providing access 74 and monitoring of the electric vehicles charging [30][31][32][33][34] with integration to microgrid [35] and utilising waste heat into electricity using thermoelectric [36][37][38][39] are the progress towards smart cities. It is evident from the aforementioned references that solar thermal energy and insulation technologies are playing major role in achieving the built environment sector towards net-zero energy.…”