Smart Detecting and Versatile Wearable Electrical Sensing Mediums for Healthcare

Abstract

A rapidly expanding global population and a sizeable portion of it that is aging are the main causes of the significant increase in healthcare costs. Healthcare in terms of monitoring systems is undergoing radical changes, making it possible to gauge or monitor the health conditions of people constantly, while also removing some minor possibilities of going to the hospital. The development of automated devices that are either attached to organs or the skin, continually monitoring human activity, has been made feasible by advancements in sensor technologies, embedded systems, wireless communication technologies, nanotechnologies, and miniaturization being ultra-thin, lightweight, highly flexible, and stretchable. Wearable sensors track physiological signs together with other symptoms such as respiration, pulse, and gait pattern, etc., to spot unusual or unexpected events. Help may therefore be provided when it is required. In this study, wearable sensor-based activity-monitoring systems for people are reviewed, along with the problems that need to be overcome. In this review, we have shown smart detecting and versatile wearable electrical sensing mediums in healthcare. We have compiled piezoelectric-, electrostatic-, and thermoelectric-based wearable sensors and their working mechanisms, along with their principles, while keeping in view the different medical and healthcare conditions and a discussion on the application of these biosensors in human health. A comparison is also made between the three types of wearable energy-harvesting sensors: piezoelectric-, electrostatic-, and thermoelectric-based on their output performance. Finally, we provide a future outlook on the current challenges and opportunities.

Clinical Trials and Therapeutic Approaches for Healthcare Challenges in Pakistan

“…Technology Integration: Continue to embrace digital health technologies to enhance healthcare access and efficiency, particularly in remote and underserved areas. For example, the use of remote health monitoring systems for elderly people could make use of data from wearable sensors collected through cloud servers and analyzed by AI to flag potential issues and alert their families to take preventive action [27,28]. Ideas such as these must be tested locally through clinical trials before implementation.…”

Recent Advances in Self-Powered Electronic Skin Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerators

“…Real-time monitoring can provide physiological signals related to human health, such as pulse, heart rate, vocalization, respiratory rate, etc., which is of great significance for preventing, diagnosing, and treating diseases. Healthcare electronics help people effectively treat and monitor disease in real time, and electronic skin based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) shows great potential in healthcare applications [93]. As shown in Figure 6a, Yu et al reported a contact separation triboelectric nanogenerator (CS-TENG) consisting of an ultra-flexible micro-resistance-array polydimethylsiloxane (mf-PDMS) film and Cu electrode as the basic triboelectric unit [94].…”

Applications of Sustainable Hybrid Energy Harvesting: A Review

“…While hybrid systems offer more reliable power sources, many studies combine different functional materials with limited synergy. One distinctive concept highlighted in the literature is the use of PZT ceramics to harness both vibration and thermal energies through piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects [169] or the utilization of a piezoelectric beam with a magneto strictive mass to harness vibration and magnetic energy [170]. Power management circuits are the crucial yet demanding aspect of hybrid energy harvesting.…”