Smart copolymers of ditriphenylaminedithienothiophene with ethylenedioxythiophene for multicolor energy storage systems

Abstract

Summary Energy storage materials, having multifunctional properties, are particularly important for the development of intelligent power systems. In this study, conjugated monomers 4′,4′‐(dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]thiophene‐3,5‐diyl)bis(N,N‐diphenyl‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐amine) (DTTpTPA, D) and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT, E) were electrocopolymerized on ITO surface in different mole ratios. The copolymer films were investigated in terms of energy storage, electrochromic properties and surface morphology. Inclusion of EDOT units into the polymer chain made a significant impact on the energy storage and electrochromic properties of the resultant copolymers. The P(D1‐1E) film, which was obtained at a mole ratio of nD/nE = 1/1, showed the best capacitance value of 22 mF cm−2. All the copolymers displayed a wide range of color change during their redox processes. The best coloration efficiency value of 196 C−1 cm2 was obtained with P(D10‐1E) film, having multi‐electrochromic property of red, green, gray and blue colors. A symmetric solid‐state energy storage device of P(D1‐1E) exhibited a capacitance of 6.58 mF cm−2 with high energy and high‐power density, which proved that P(D1‐1E) is a good candidate for energy storage applications.

Electrochromic Insight on Electro‐Deposited Copolymers of Push‐Pull Conjugated Systems with 3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and Other Conjugated Units

“…In a couple of studies, fused-ring bearing push-pull conjugated units were used in copolymerization [68,69] (Scheme 7). 3,7-di(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-7-yl) dibenzothiophen-S,S-dioxide (26) [68] 27) [69] were electrochemically copolymerized with EDOT.…”

“…Copolymerization of 27 with EDOT was studied by Ozturk et al with different monomer feed ratios of 10 : 1, 5 : 1, 2 : 1, 1 : 1 and 1 : 2. [69] EDOT unit bonded to 27 both at thiophene and phenyl sides during copolymerization. The optical band gaps of the copolymers lowered from 1.92 eV to 1.79, as increasing the EDOT ratio.…”

“…In a couple of studies, fused‐ring bearing push‐pull conjugated units were used in copolymerization [68,69] (Scheme 7). 3,7‐di(2,3‐dihydrothieno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxin‐7‐yl) dibenzothiophen‐S,S‐dioxide ( 26 ) [68] and 40,40‐(dithieno[3,2‐b : 20,30‐d]thiophene‐3,5‐diyl)bis(N,Ndiphenyl‐[1,10‐biphenyl]‐4‐amine) ( 27 ) [69] were electrochemically copolymerized with EDOT. The homopolymer of 26 exhibited yellow and purple colors at the neutral and oxidized states.…”