«smart City» in the Context of Cybersecurity: Incidents, Risks, Threats

2021

MEC

Self Cite

According to UN forecasts, by 2050 more than two-thirds of the world’s population will live in cities. Urban and rural areas are evolving and their evolution are based on wide use of broadband Internet systems, cloud computing platforms, geoinformation and geo-positioning systems, high-load computing clusters, wireless telecommunications, “Internet of Things” systems and other technological and information innovations. With the increasing complexity and cohesion of urban systems, the cost of management decisions - and the associated cost of decision errors - has increased significantly. The time for deciding has on the contrary decreased. Incoming data may be deliberately inaccurate, unreliable, clogged with random and intentional interference. And in many cases, it is the management decision that is a critical factor for development and proper functioning of the urban system especially in the context of the formation of a smart city infrastructure. The paper studies use cases of artificial intelligence systems (AI) for processing big data and decision support as a solution to the problems listed above. Use of AI systems allow collecting and cleaning data to obtain a reliable information landscape of the urban systems. Further, on the basis of the obtained picture, AI systems can be used for operational analysis and response to emerging crisis situations, for analyzing the medium-term perspective and balancing the optimal use of urban resources, for long-term planning of the urban environment development. Currently, according to experts, there are two main strategies for the development of information systems - vertical and horizontal. The article analyzes the possibility of applying these two strategies to the use of AI in an urban environment. Using the example of the implementation experience (ET City Brain), on the one hand, conclusions can be drawn about the long-term benefits of such an implementation, on the other, about the risks associated with "vendor lock-in" and the associated problems. One of the biggest risks is the subsequent monopolization of the management system, which transfers part of the power from city structures to the owners of the information system, who, in such conditions, gain the right to vote and leverage on municipalities. It is shown that maximal use of open data and open source software solutions are the most beneficial from the point of view from the point of view of the city and urban systems as stakeholders in the formation of a smart city.

Section: аналіз останніх досліджень та публікаційunclassified

Section: Alibaba Brain -аналіз використанняunclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

«smart City» in the Context of Intelegent System and Big Data: Strategies, Risks

2021

MEC

Self Cite

“…При цьому багато ІКС впроваджуються, запускаються і масштабуються з мінімальним урахуванням заходів безпеки, або зовсім без цього урахування. В праці [3] обговорювалися ризики того, що при впровадженні систем МІЕ пріоритетним стає інтерес виробника і проєктувальника інформаційних систем. Втім, надійності, безпеці і живучості впроваджуваних систем приділяється увага, яку не можна вважати достатньою.…”

Section: постановка проблемиunclassified

Survivability and Sustainability of Smart City Information System Components

Slatvinska

2021

MEC

Self Cite

The article examines the problems of survivability and stability of functioning of components of Smart City Information Systems. The relevance of the topic is related to the wide dissemination and implementation of information and communication technologies at various levels. The degree of relevance is great. The authors analyze the situation with modern integrated systems of various levels of the smart city information ecosystem. One of the main problems of implementing smart home systems is the fragmentation and fragmentation of the market - each manufacturer seeks to lock the user to its standard, which leads to the lack of uniform standards of interaction. As a result, the usability of smart home systems worsens, the cost of ownership and support increases, and the security of their use decreases – including potentially increasing the area of cyberattacks. In addition, disparity in standards and vendor lock-in lead to excessive complexity of interaction between smart home systems and the smart city information ecosystem. All of the above pushes users away from the existing market and leads to a decrease in sales, which leads to stagnation in this market segment. The alternative model of system development proposed by the authors is based on the experience of implementing and developing existing solutions for Global Information Systems. The solution should be based on open interaction protocols at all levels of the information ecosystem, which will allow manufacturers to develop their product taking into account and in the context of interaction with other products. The construction of modules and components of such a system is considered separately. ideally, each of the smart home modules should not lose its qualities both in the context of the Smart Home information ecosystem and outside it.

Cybersecurity of "Smart Cities": Social Aspects, Risks of Deanonymization and Doxing

2020

MEC

Self Cite

The paper analyzes possible risks and threats posed by the transition from modern cities to smart cities. The concept and scheme of doxing implementation are analyzed. Moreover, the essence of deanonymization is revealed and threats to the privacy and security of smart city residents associated with these processes are identified. Furthermore, the reasons for the growth of doxing practice are clarified. The social aspect of the cybersecurity of a smart city is seen primarily in the increased risks of privacy disclosure, which can lead to deanonymization, which can later be used for doxing, cyberbullying, blackmail or social engineering schemes. This demands that personal data must not only be protected by reliable cryptographic and technical measures but also - where it allows by work tasks - be specifically or partially impersonalised. Also, when planning personal data protection in smart city informational ecosystems, it should be considered that such protection will be existing in the context of an overall eco-information system of the city. Therefore, the one's always set priorities balanced between data protection, identify threats, measures and mechanisms for their implementation and daily routine tasks of system administration. The article analyzes cases and schemes of deanonymization, shows the vulnerability of modern information and communication systems to obtain data that can be used by an attacker. Based on the analysis and taking into account the specifics of the functioning of information ecosystems of smart cities, the main recommendations for protecting data stored in information systems are developed and systematized, which will reduce the risks of hacking such data and minimize harm from deanonymization and doxing. Finally, the authors proved that deanonymization is a sequential hacking process, and doxing is a hacking process and publishing private information. Such information can be obtained by collecting and analyzing open ("white"), stolen ("black") and stolen by third parties, but conditionally freely available ("Gray") sources of information. With the development of the smart city infrastructure, the amount of information collected, stored and processed will grow. This will lead to an increase in the "digital footprint" of every user of information system, that is, almost everyone who lives in the city.